宾语从句讲解 Page 1 of 3 宾语从句 1. 定义：宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。 2．宾语从句的表现形式 1）从属连词that引导。 2）从属连词if / whether引导 3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which引导。 4）连接副词 where，when，how，why 引导。 5）由be+ 形容词再加that从句。 （常见的形容词有：sure, glad, afraid, pleased, satisfied, surprised等） 一、及物动词后接宾语从句的情形（一般跟在see, say, tell, know等动词的后面） （1）以从属连词that 引导的宾语从句。如： Rick told us that he felt terrible. 里克对我们说他感到不舒服。 We know he he’s already returned from Sweden. 我们知道他已从瑞典回来了。 注意： that在引导宾语从句时在下列情况中不能省略： ① 有and来连接两个或以上的宾语从句，最后一个宾语从句前的 that 不省略。 Everybody could see what happened, why that happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都看得出发生了什么事情，为什么发生，并知道Tom非常害怕。 ② that引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 ③ that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，that不可省略； 如： That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我无法不相信他曾说过这样的话。 ④ 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 如： We decided，in view of his special case，that we would admit him. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定录用他。 （2）从属连词if / whether引导的宾语从句。 如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which， 和连接副词 where，when，how，why 等引导的宾语从句。 如： I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 I want to know where you live. He didn’t know when his brother left. I don’t know why didn’t attend the meeting. Please let me know when the train arrives here. 1 宾语从句讲解 Page 2 of 3 She really doesn’t know what she should do next. Could you tell me when the party will begin tomorrow? Mr. Wang didn’t tell us where he worked ten years ago. I need to go to the bank. Could you tell me where it is? Do you know when will Mr. Smith come again? Will you please tell me how I can download the music? Do you know what she ate yesterday? 二、介词后的宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如： He was deeply pleased by what occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很高兴。 I am sorry for what I said just now. 我为我刚才说的话道歉。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 有时介词可以省略。如： I don’t care （for）who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。 Be careful （as to）how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。 三、某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am quite sure (that) he will come tomorrow. I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。 My father is glad that I have passed the exam. I am satisfied that his statement was true. 四、 关于宾语从句的一些补充说明 ① 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。 ② 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是个好学生，只是有点粗心。 You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。 ③ 介词后的宾语从句不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如： Are you sorry for what you’ve done？ 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？ ④ 引导宾语从句时连词whether 和if 的区别 2 宾语从句讲解 Page 3 of 3 if和whether引导的宾语从句时很多时候可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether. 试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. 前句既可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；又可理解为条件状语从句，意为“如果你去的话，请告诉我一声”。 下句意为“请告诉我你是否想去”。 ⑤ 宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。 I don’t believe they’ve finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完工。 I don’t suppose he cares，does he？ 我想他不在意，是吗？ ⑥ 宾语从句的时态变化规律： 1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要适用恰当的时态。 2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。 3 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/5db6d6bd960590c69ec3769e.html