词汇学练习题 (2)
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1..Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang 10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new 1. It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be grouped into _________on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. A. 500 B. 4000 C. 300 D. 2000 2. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language. A. inflected B. derived C. developed D. analyzed 3. After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers. A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. French 4. The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary. A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Islamism 5. In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many ________words came into the English language. A. Greek B. Roman C. Celtic D. Scandinavian 6. It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English. A. 500 B. 800 C. 1000 .D. 900 7. The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English. A. French B. Greek C. Roman D. Latin 8. By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status. A. 12th B. 13th C. 14th D.15th 9. As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary. A. small B. big C. great D. smaller 10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______. A. Greek B. Roman C. Indian D. Russian 11. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language_______.. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 12. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 13. The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 14. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 15. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 1. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 2. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, malpractice, mistrust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 3. The prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 4. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 5. The prefixes in words bilingual ,uniform and hemisphere are ________. A. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead. A. Prefixes of orientation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and order C. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or size 7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________. A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 8. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _________. A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 9.Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain________. A. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes 10. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______ A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 11. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________. A. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 12. The prefixes in words anti-government , prostudent and contraflow are _____-. A. prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitude C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 13. Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________. A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 14. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______. A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixes 15. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are ________. A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixes 1.A word is the combination of form and ________. A. spelling B. writing C. meaning D. denoting 2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. Context 3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language. A. outside B. with C. beyond D. inside 4. Most English words can be said to be ________. A. non-motivated B. motivated C. connected D. related 5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word. A. morphologically B. semantically C. onomatopoeically D. etymologically 6. Hopeless is a ______motivated word. A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologically 7. In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologically 8. Walkman is a _______motivated word. A. onomatopoeically B. morphologically C. semantically D. etymologically 9. Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular. A. grammatical meaning B. conceptual meaning C. associative meaning D. arbitrary meaning 10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual. A. Stylistic meaning B. Connotative meaning C. Collocative meaning D. Affective meaning 11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question. A. feeling .B. liking C. attitude D. understanding 12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas. A. Prepositions B. Interjections C. Exclamations D. Explanations 13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations. A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaning C. lexical meaning D. collocative meaning 14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______. A. only one word B. two words C. more than three D. different words 15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. speakers B. listeners C. world D. specific country 16. In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______ 17. Compounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. 18. _______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. 19. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. 20. Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________. 1. Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______. A. English only B. Chinese only C. all natural languages D. some natural languages 2. From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word . A. linguistic B. diachronic C. synchronic D. traditional 3. _______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes. A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection 4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning. A. Derivation B. Radiation C. Inflection D. Concatenation 5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______. A. spelling B. pronunciation C. etymology D. usage 6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning. A. Polysemants B. Synonyms C. Antonyms D. Hyponyms 7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______. A. hyponymy B. synonymy C. polysemy D. antonymy 8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/. A. Homophones B. Homographs C. Perfect homonyms D. Antonyms 9. The antonyms: male and female are ______. A. contradictory terms B. contrary terms C. relative terms D. connected terms 10. The antonyms big and small are ______. A. contradictory terms B. contrary terms C. relative terms D. connected terms 11. The antonyms husband and wife are ______. A. contradictory terms B. contrary terms C. relative terms D. connected terms 12. Composition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______. A. absolute synonyms B. relative synonyms C. relative antonyms D. contrary antonyms 13. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule. A. homographs B. homophones C. absolute homonyms D. antonyms 14. From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______. A. primary meaning B. derived meaning C. central meaning D. basic meaning 15. Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______. A. primary meaning B. derived meaning C. central meaning D. secondary meaning 1.The original meaning of manuscript is ________. A.any author’s writing B. handwriting C. any author’s works D. a piece of paper 2.The original meaning of barn is ______. A. a place for storing only barley B. a storeroom C. a restroom D. a bathroom 3.The extended meaning of journal is ______ A. daily paper B. any paper C. magazines D. periodical 4.In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small deer’, deer obviously designates ‘_____’ in general. A. a doe B.. animal C. a deerlike animal D. buck 5.The original meaning of wife is _______. A. a married woman B. a young woman C. woman D. widowed woman 6.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation 7.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation 8.The original meaning of minister is ______. A. head of a ministry B. a tutor C.a farmer D. servant 9.The original meaning of success is ______. A.result B. progress C. event D. incident 10.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______. A. elevation B. extension C. degradation D. narrowing 11.The original meaning of knave is _______. A. elevation B. extension C. degradation D. narrowing 12.The original meaning of silly is ______. A. sad B. jealous C. happy D. cold 13.Loud colours belongs to ______. A.transfer of sensations B. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings C.transfer from objective to subjective D. transfer from subjective to objective 14. Dreadful and hateful belong to _______. A. transfer from subjective to objective B. transfer of sensation C. transfer from objective to subjective D. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings 15. The meaning of picture changed by modes of _____. A. extension B. narrowing C. degradation D. elevation II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. 16. Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and _____. 17. Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, ____and trandfer. Of these, extension and _______are by far the most common. 18. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and ______. 19. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire _____,which may also affect the meaning of words . 20.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _____. 16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words. 17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______. 18. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics, ________. 19. There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______. 20. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______. 16. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______. 17. . If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______. 18. It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____ language. 19. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______. 20. It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English. 16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____. 17.Compounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________. 18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. 19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words. 20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______. 16. One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____, the second principal consideration is ________. 17. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonyms are listed as separate ______. 18. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______, connotation ,and _____. 19. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the _____terms and the more specific words are called the _____ terms. 20. The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas. Some large, such as ‘philosophy’ or ‘emotions’, other smaller, such as ‘kinship’ or ‘color’. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of ______. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/7383dc67757f5acfa1c7aa00b52acfc789eb9fee.html