名词性从句讲义
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精品文档 名词性从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether, if, as if/though （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如: 主、宾、表或定语等。 连接副词：when, where, how, why. 有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 ㈠．主语从句： 1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 Who will go is not important. 2. 用it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3. that引导的主语从句放在句首时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略； That she will do well in her exam is certain 4. that 引导的主语从句，一般放在主句的后面，即把it 放在句首作形式主语。 （1）It + be +形容词/ 名词/ 过去分词+ that从句 常用的句型有 It is a pity /a shame/ no wonder/ a surprise that…： It is necessary/important/natural/strange that … It is suggested /requested/proposed/ desired that… 注意: 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do” (2）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It seems/appears/ happened / occurred to sb. that… (3) It is time that sb. did 或should do （注意：should 不可以省略） 5. 主语从句中主谓一致问题 主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数； When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet. 如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数； When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. 如果由and 连接两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet. ㈡. 表语从句： 1. 表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词（be/seem/remain/look/appear/ etc）后。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 2. as if/ though 引导的表语从句 真实的好像（陈述语气）：It looks as if it is going to rain. 不可能出现得好像（虚拟语气）：The pencil looks as if it were broken in the middle. 注意: 当主语是reason/ cause时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。since, as 不能引导表语从句。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning ㈢. 宾语从句： 1. 作动词宾语 I expect（that）I shall be back on Sunday. 2. 作介词宾语 The teacher is satisfied with what I said. 3. 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语。 I’m afraid that I will be late. I’m glad that you passed the exam. ㈣. 同位语从句 同位语从句在复合句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。 The news that we won the game is exciting. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. . 精品文档 名词性从句高考考点 考点1、主语从句常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词（an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise/no wonder/etc.） + that从句 Eg: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. （2）It + be + 形容词(natural/ true,/ obvious/good/ wonderful/ likely/ possible/certain/etc.) + that从句 Eg: It is certain that she will do well in her exam （3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 Eg: It is suggested that he be sent to hospital. （4）It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词 + that 从句 Eh: It happened that she was out that day. （例题）___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 考点2、it 在宾语从句中的运用: 1）动词 + it + 宾补（形容词、过去分词或名词） + that 结构 I think it important that we should keep calm. We found it necessary that we practise English daily. 2）介词 /动词+ it + that的特殊结构(it 作引导词) You may depend on it that they’ll support you. I will appreciate it if you can help me. 考点3、名词性从句中what与 that的区别 that引导的名词性从句表事实，不含疑问，在从句中不充当句子成分,没有含义; what引导的名词性从句表疑问，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow. I know that you’re better now. 考点4、名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序：主语+谓语 He asked ________ for a violin． A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 注意：1）what is the matter 本身就是陈述句语序 2）疑问词+ do you think+陈述句语序 ____________ you have seen both fighters, _________will win? A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think 考点5、宾语从句的时态呼应 当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 当主句动词是过去（could/ would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态。 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． The teacher told us that the earth _______ round the sun. A. goes B. went C. is going D. had gone 考点6、that 不可省略的情况 1） 并列的宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可以省略。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing. 2） 作介词but、except、in等的宾语时不可省。 I know nothing about him except that he is from the north. 3） 在it作形式宾语的宾语从句中不省略。 We must make it clear that we should finish the task today.. 4） that引导的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 That their son had passed the exam made them happy. 5） 当that 前有插入语时， Tom doesn’t know, I’m sure, that he has passed the exam. 6） 当that 宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时 Tell him that if he comes tomorrow, please call me. . 精品文档 考点7、同位语从句和定语从句的区别： （1）同位语从句中，连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。 同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。 （2）定语从句是对先行词的修饰，限定；而同位语从句是解释，说明先行词的内容。 The news that our team won the game is true. The news that you have heard isn’t true. 考点8、只用whether的情况，不用if 的情况： 1）在动词不定式之前 I can’t decide whether to stay here . 2）在whether …or (not) 的固定搭配中 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 3）在介词后，只能用whether。 His father is worried about whether he loses his work . 4）同位语从句、表语从句；主语从句位于句首 Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 注意：引导条件句时，只能用if Please come to see me if you have time. 5) discuss 后的宾语从句只能用whether We are discussing whether we’ll go camping tomorrow. 考点9、who/ whoever; what/ whatever 1) who/ what等含特指意义，有疑问；而 whoever/ whatever 等含泛指含义，没有疑问 I don’t know _____will come here. _______ comes here is ok. _______ comes here, it is ok 2）疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别： 疑问词+ever(无论…..)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句; no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished = No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _______shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 考点10、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、否定前移 1）在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she _____her work alone. A. do B. does C. will do D. did 2）宾语从句的否定前移。当主句的主语是第一人称I或we, 且谓语动词为imagine, believe, expect, suppose think,时，其宾语从句的否定，要将从句中的否定形式移到主句中，即把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。 注：此种用法它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来决定，并且用肯定形式。 I don’t think he can do it, can he? I don’t think you are right, ________? I don’t think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, ？ A. doesn’t it B. do I C. hasn’t it D. does it 考点11. 关于doubt 肯定句中用whether/if; 否定句和疑问句中用that I doubt whether/if he will win the game. There is no doubt that he will win the game. . 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/a6a0af87777f5acfa1c7aa00b52acfc788eb9fd1.html