德国社保英文
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Social security system in Germany 1.Current situation of German social insurance German social security pension insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, nursing insurance and industrial injury accident insurance, such as the composition of five statutory insurance. ⑴unemployment insurance Unemployment insurance is compulsory insurance. All employed workers, such as workers, staff and training shall participate in the insurance. But officials, service service fold or 65 years old and above are not required to take. From February 1, 2006 onwards, engaged in taking care of family members, self-employed or not in the EU from industry personnel can voluntarily choose whether to continue to participate in the unemployment insurance. Since January 2007, unemployment insurance premium income of the staff need premium calculation part (i.e. as the paying base) of 4.2%, employers and employees each bear 50%. Base pay each year an adjustment. ⑵medical insurance Medical insurance is compulsory insurance, all employees, training personnel, unemployed, farmers and their families, disabled persons, artists, students, interns and retirees should participate in the statutory health insurance. In 90% of the German population in terms of medical insurance. If the insured limit of annual gross wages than in statutory medical insurance, you can choose to continue to participate in the legal medical insurance or private medical insurance. The legal medical insurance of the insured person can choose insurance companies, with the family, not the other medical insurance premiums. In the legal medical insurance premiums accounted for the highest wages in accordance with the definition. The rate of wages for each insurance company is different, the average for November 2006 rate of income 14.25%. monthly salary less than 325 euros, the training of personnel, the total premium shall be borne by the employer. If the insured person over the legal medical insurance Highest wage limits paid voluntarily pay premiums, the right to require employers to bear the corresponding proportion. For private medical insurance for retirees, pension insurance institutions should also be bear 50% premium. Volunteered to participate in medical insurance for retirees can apply for pension insurance institutions to pay insurance premium subsidies. Students enjoy the unified discount rate. ⑶Care insurance Nursing insurance is compulsory insurance, all in the statutory health insurance must attend social care insurance, the implementation of "nursing insurance follow principles of medical insurance. In private medical insurance personnel shall attend private care insurance. Germany has a population of 200 million due to the physical and mental defects, loss of self-care ability. Legal nursing insurance rates for 1.7% of the monthly gross salary, calculated on the basis of medical insurance. By employers and employees each bear 50%. Retirees care insurance premiums by retirees and pension insurance institutions share the burden, the cost calculation basis is the statutory pension and other income. Undergraduates' monthly premium 7.92 euros. Unemployment insurance premium by the Bureau of labor payment. ⑷Industrial injury insurance Accident insurance is compulsory insurance, which is made by the employer, and it is the protection of the insured person in the workplace or on the way to work, or suffer from occupational disease. Insurance rates for the employees of the monthly gross salary of 1%5% range, according to the risk probability of the various industries have different risk probability. ⑸endowment insurance Endowment insurance when the federal government a compulsory insurance, endowment insurance to pursue "I for all, all for the unity of the principle of mutual, mainly by the statutory insured and employers to pay the premium, the federal government subsidies composition. Premium ratio from January 1, 2007 onwards calculation wage premiums for 19.9%, by employers and employees each take half. The main function of the endowment insurance is to retiree pension payments but also the burden of payment of pensions to the low employment ability of staff and the families of the deceased. The statutory pension insurance also assume the insured person in the body or skill recovery work 2.make a concise evaluation In the social security sector, the developed countries of the social security system is divided into three modes, namely supply, insurance and relief supply. Represented by British, in this form of security, countries basically the same benefits to all residents of the country; social insurance by the national unified organization and there is no risk management, the field offices and functions; all social welfare should be the total national income) in payment; provide only minimum treatment for people. The implementation of the guiding ideology of social security, risk prevention should not be the main or not individual task, but the task of the state, social security is a part of the national economy can not be separated. Therefore, the supply of social security is highly concentrated and the tax subsidy accounted for a large proportion of characteristics, aims to avoid poverty. Relief to many developing countries and developed countries as the representative, this kind of guarantee forms in accordance with the principle of subsidiary, namely, the national in social security in only a limited role, by members of our society should bear the main responsibility for risk prevention. That is to say, only when the private risk prevention and family assistance has been exhausted, or private insurance unable to bear certain risks, countries will assume the responsibility. This means that the state has the obligation to guarantee a minimum standard of living for the members of the society, which is to ensure survival. Different from the above two forms, with Germany as the representative of the insurance of social security does not follow the principle of "poor, but by keeping income to avoid poverty", namely people only in the occupation life to earn a certain amount of money and pay the statutory proportion of insurance, in order to get the appropriate insurance or unemployment in the elderly. In this form of insurance, social insurance is given to the loss of income and occupation of the premiums paid by a corresponding compensation, the insured during its social status in the future risk can be maintained. Therefore, the insurance of social security in essence is to clarify the government and enterprises social insurance and personal responsibility at the same time, it is determined by the social contract, right, interest, to provide effective protection; it encourages people to work hard and actively pay insurance premiums, and Effectively avoid the under supply security encourages people to the lazy and rely on psychological situation. The guarantee of basic living needs of employment groups, for every job provides a stable social security expected to ease social conflicts, enhance social cohesion. On the basis of guarantee insurance in the use of the principles of insurance at the same time, the state also did not give up the relief principle. Relief treatment needed funds, although also from tax payment, but with relief, in the insurance guarantee, people accept social relief as social misfortune that society has a responsibility to help them, in order to achieve social equity. And accordingly, people put the social relief is not seen for recipients of charity, but as their political rights. Therefore, the insurance protection to humanitarian and human dignity in the first place, that only in the full social security, human dignity and the value can be guaranteed, the human nature to get development. Entered in 1970s, especially in the past 10 years, due to the slowing down of economic growth and public revenue, Germany for the social security funding difficulties. Due to the arrival of the aging society, changed the population structure, the social insurance and pay insurance premiums and the number of receive treatment is unfavorable for the formation of the proportion, especially the PAYG the financing model of the endowment insurance problems, the system of crisis. With the development of economic globalization, economic and social ties between regions increasing, the same product competition between different countries have pressure on its social security system. Technical progress of microelectronics makes the rapid decrease of the employment of traditional industries, which also resulting in increased unemployment and increasing social burden and so on. All of these make the German social security system is facing challenges, so as not to break into Line reform . 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/b436445acc22bcd127ff0cb4.html