英语八种主要时态的用法及比较

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英语的八种主要时态的用法及比较

一、一般现在时主要用于: 1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here. 2 、表示现在的特征或状态。

e.g. He is always ready to help others. 3 、普遍真理。

e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。

e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table) „„ 5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:

always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。

二、一般过去时主要用于:

1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态) e.g. When did you read the novel?

She often came to help us in those days. 2 、谈到过去的情况时

e.g. I didn't know you were so busy. 3 、谈到已死人的情况时

e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:

yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。

三、现在完成时主要用于:

1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。 e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we haven't seen each other. 2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。

e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。 与这一时态连用的时间状语有:

already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:

一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。 现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。 cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?

I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.


注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的: Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?

四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。

e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写) cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完) It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。

五、过去完成时

1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。 e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。

e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。 e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:

by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。



六、现在进行时主要用于:

1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?

2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。 e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切) He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬) You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)

3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai. 与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:

now, these days, recently, this week 等。

七、过去进行时主要用于:

表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。

e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。

What were you doing this time yesterday?


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