句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）。 考点1. 主语 主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当 The car is beautiful. We are students. One of my classmates is from Shanghai. The rich should help the poor. To study English well is important. It is important to study English well. Doing sports is good for our health. 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 考点2. 谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 考点3. . 宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。 练习2. 划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明有什么充当。 1. They planed many trees yesterday. 第 1 页 共 1 页 2. I will do homework tomorrow. 3. The boy needs a pen. 4. I like swimming. 5. He gave me a cup of tea. 6. He brought you a dictionary. 考点4. 表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3. 划出下列句中的表语。 He became a teacher at last. His face turned red. （2）感官动词多可用作联系动词 eg: He looks well.他面色好。 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 I feel good.我感觉好。 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。 考点5. 定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“…的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 a beautiful girl an excellent player an interesting book The little boy needs a blue pen. His boy needs Tom's pen. 考点6. 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (写地认真，走地慢，修饰动词用副词，作状语) 第 2 页 共 2 页 He runs very slowly. （修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，做状语） Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词，做状语） 1. 状语按意义分类 在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步 练习4. 指出下列划线部分属于什么状语 1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 3. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 4. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 5. To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 6. The boy needs a pen very much. 7. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8. She works very hard though she is old. 9. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 第 3 页 共 3 页 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/e7f267a93169a4517623a335.html