英文作文写作

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写作中使用语法结构数量的多少是体现语言运用能力强弱的重要标志，是评判书面表达得分高低的一条重要依据。而“较多的语法结构”具体体现在句式的变化上。下面就介绍4种如何变化句式，增加语法结构的有用方法或技巧。一、句子开头的技巧

改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，可以把状语等置于句首。如以下各个原句显得平淡乏味，而改动句子开头后的句子则生动有趣，充满活力，自然就能提高作文档次。（1）以作状语的介词短语开头。如：

「原」We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. 「改」Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. （2）以作状语的不定式短语开头。如：

「原」If you want to pass the exam， you should work very hard. 「改」In order to pass the exam， you should work very hard. （3）以作状语的副词开头。如：

「原」Students often stray into the habit of cheating on tests. 「改」Too often，students stray into the habit of cheating on tests. （4）以宾语开头。如：

「原」Now that you would not listen to my advice and you laughed at my helps， you will have what you asked for.

「改」My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at.Now you will have what you asked for. 二、巧用非谓语动词（1）使用现在分词。如：

「原」We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

「改」After a short rest， we had great fun singing and dancing， telling jokes and playing chess. （2）使用过去分词。如：

「原」He was satisfied with the result. He decided to go on with a new experiment 「改」 Satisfied with the result， he decided to go on with a new experiment. 三、灵活使用不同句式

灵活运用省略句、倒装句、强调句、感叹句、with的复合结构等多种句式。（1）省略句。如：

If so， victory will be ours. （2）倒装句。如：

「原」He didn't finish his homework until the teacher came. 「改」Not until the teacher came did he finish his work. （3）强调句。如：

「原」Ah Fu had saved my little sister bravely.

「改」It was brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister. （4）分词短语。如：

「原」Many teenagers sit at their computers all day long and watch their favorite TV shows. 「改」Many teenagers sit at their computers all day long， watching their favorite TV shows. （5）由with或without引导的短语。如：

He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand. （6）对比。如：

When I play， I feel excited， and after it I feel relaxed. （7） there be结构。如：

「原」People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food. 「改」There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food. 四、巧用各类从句

使用定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等各类从句（1）名词性从句。如：

「原」We had to stand there to catch the offender.

「改」What we had to do was （to） stand there， trying to catch the offender. （2）定语从句。如：

「原」My aunt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about The USA. 「改」My aunt bought me a book， whose title is All about The USA.

此外，还需要注意长短句交替使用，体现表达节奏美。

我们在写作中，在把握文章的要点后，就要理清表达各要点的句子之间的逻辑联系，使用恰当的连接成分，使不同的句子间建立有机的联系，使文章使全文结构紧凑，通顺自然。下面我们将常用的连接成分归纳为16类。

1. 表起始的连接成分有：first of all， to begin with， in my opinion， according to， so /as far as ， as you know等。例如：

In my opinion， Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. （江苏卷） As far as I know， everyone is happy about this new arrangement of thing. （全国卷）

2. 表递进的连接成分有：besides， what‘s more， moreover， furthermore， what’s worse = to make things worse = worse still， further more， in addition to， still， even，等。例如：

A botanical garden will be built for us to visit and practice in. Besides， we are to build a small garden in which we can do some reading and take a rest. What‘s more， some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder. （福建卷）

3. 表并列的连接成分有：also， as well （as）， or， either„or， neither„nor， not only„but also， and， and then， both„and等。例如：

This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning.（2004湖北卷）

4. 表转折或对比的连接成分有：but， yet， however， while（而、却）， otherwise， on the other hand， on the contrary， in spite of， after all， in fact， as a mater of fact等。例如： I covered my ears with hands， but it was no use. （广东卷）

Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact， it‘s only one stop. （全国卷）

Some of us taught some drivers and conductors English， while others cleaned buses. （北京卷）

On the other hand， 40% think that fees should be charged because you need more money to pay gardeners and other workers. （全国卷）

5. 表因果的连接成分有：so， thus， therefore， for， since， now that， because （of）， thanks to， as a result （of）， due to， owing to， so„that， such„that等。例如：

Internet Bars are popular today， especially among young people， for the net opens large windows to the outside world. （上海）

The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying. （广东卷） 6. 表条件的连接成分有：if， as/so long as， on condition that， provided that， suppose， unless， in case， in this case等。

If you would like to try， you'll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. （全国卷）

7. 表强调的连接成分有：above all， indeed， surely， certainly， of course， at least， obviously等。

Above all， I can learn more about nature.（湖南卷）

8. 表解释的连接成分有：that is to say， in other words， believe it or not， to tell you the truth等。

9. 表比较的连接成分有：just as， just like， in the same way， more or less， similarly， instead等。

10. 表空间的连接成分有：on the left/right， to the left/right of， on one side of„on the other side of„， at the foot/top/end of， in the middle / centre of等。例如：

On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side， where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library. （全国卷） 11. 表时间的连接成分有：at first， in the beginning， next， then， later， now， then， about two months later， after a while， soon， afterwards， since then， meanwhile， in the end， at last， finally， for

the first time， as soon as， after that， the next moment， up to now， before long， as， no sooner„than， hardly„when， when， from then on， sooner or later等。例如：

After that I went to No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. （全国卷） Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. （辽宁卷）

12. 表列举的连接成分有：for one thing„and for another （thing）， first（ly）， second（ly）， third（ly）， finally

13. 表举例的连接成分有：for example/instance， take„for example， such as， that is， as follows， and so on等。例如：

However， there are still some problems， such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. （江苏卷）

14. 表让步的连接成分有：as， even if / even though， although， though， while（虽然）， no matter， whether„or„等。

Although the city is modern and convenient， there are still some problems， such as air pollution， crowdedness and noise.（湖南卷）

15. 表总结的连接成分有：in short， in a word， in conclusion， in general， in brief， generally speaking， on the whole， to sum up， in all等。例如：

In short， the students have not arrived at any agreement yet. （湖北卷）

16. 其它起联接作用的副词：hopefully， naturally， strangely， specifically， basically， apparently， in this way等等。范文演练：

你和李明参加了一次野外生存训练，以下五幅图表现了训练过程，请根据图示写一篇日记。生词：compass 指南针 first-aid kit 急救包campus宿营地平庸作文：

In the morning, Liming and I went to the campus. There were many things in my bag: bread, a map, a flashlight, a knife, clothes, and a first aid kit. There was a compass and a tent in my bag too. We climbed a mountain and crossed a river. We arrived at a forest and we were lost in it. We looked at the compass and went out of it at last. In the evening I arrived at the campus and had a rest. We felt tired, but very happy.

对比作文：

With the sun rising in the east, Li Ming and I started. In my bag lay a tent and a compass, while Li Ming carried bread, some candles, a map, a knife, a flashlight, clothes, and a first aid kit in his. As soon as we climbed up a mountain, we found that we had to cross a river before got to the campus. Then we put our bags on a wood board found on the bank and swam to the other side of the river. However we lost our way in the forest. But for the compass, we wouldn’t have got rid of the trouble. It was dark when we reached the campus. We prepared for dinner and rest. Tired as we are, we have learnt a lot from today’s experiences.

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