基数词 序数词 动词不规则变化 形容词比较级

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基数词变换成序数词有一个小口诀: 第一、二、三要全变, 其余“th”加后面,

"th”里有例外 八去"t" 九去"e" 字母"f""ve" "ty"变成"tie" 一,基数词

英语100以内的基数词和序数词。 序数词

下面把100以内的基数词分为四类。1 、第一类 一、 基数词

first (1st) 第一 1、第一类:

second (2nd) 第二 one two three third (3rd) 第三

four five six

(在括号里的是缩写形式,均seven eight nine 在阿拉伯数字后面加上相应序ten eleven 十一 twelve 十二 数词的最后两个字母构成,以这一类共计十二个单词,在结构上 下各类与此相同。)这类序数与其他的基数词相比较是特殊的, 词只有三个,在整个序数词里就象不规则的动词一样,要求逐个 面是特殊的,就和第一类基数

的硬背下来,这对学好其他的基数 词一样,

需要逐个地硬记下来。 词和序数词都是及其重要的。 2、第二类:

thirteen 十三

2、第二类: fourteen 十四

fourth (4th) 第四 fifth (5th) 第五 fifteen 十五

sixth (6th) 第六 seventh (7th) 第七 sixteen 十六

eighth (8th) 第八 ninth (9th) 第九 seventeen 十七

tenth (10th) 第十 eleventh (11th) 第十eighteen 十八

nineteen 十九

twelfth (12th) thirteenth (13th) 这一类基数词共有七

fourteenth (14th) fifteenth (15th) 个。它们在结构上有

sixteenth (16th) seventeenth (17th) 两个特点:一是在发

eighteenth (18th) nineteenth (19th) 音方面都有两个重音;

这一类序数词共有十六个。均在相应的基数二是在拼法上都有后

词后面加上后缀-th构成。要注意其中teen. 除了thirteen fiftheighthninthtwelfth四个词的拼法。



fifteen之外,都是纯粹地在另一个基数词的后面加上后缀-teen

但要注意eighteen的拼法,eight本身有t字母,因此只加-een 3、第三类:

twenty 二十 thirty 三十

3、第三类:

forty 四十 fifty 五十

twentieth (20th) 第二十

sixty 六十 seventy 七十

thirtieth (30th) 第三十

eighty 八十 ninety 九十

fortieth (40th) 第四十

这类基数词共有八个。都是十

fiftieth (50th) 第五十

位的整数,均以后缀-ty结尾

sixtieth (60th) 第六十

其中sixtyseventyeighty

seventieth (70th) 第七十

ninety基本上是在相应的基

eightieth (80th) 第八十

数词后面加上后缀-ty。但要

ninetieth (90th) 第九十

注意eighty的拼法,eight

这一类全是十位整数的序数词,共八

身有t字母,因此只加-y

个。它们的构成方法是:先将相应的



十位整数的基数词词尾-ty中的y



改成i,然后在加上后缀-eth

4、第四类:

这一类和很简单,可以看成 是一种合成词。其结构方式 4、第四类: 是:用十位整数加上个位整 thirty-first (31st) 第三十一 数,其间用连字符号连接, sixty-second (62nd) 第六十二 表示几十几。这类基数词的 eighty-seventh (87th) 第八十七 变化都是规则的。 ninety-eighth (98th) 第九十八 如: 这类表示“第几十几”的序数词,twenty-one 二十一 表示“几十几”的基数词一样简单。forty-six 四十六 成方法上均由基数seventy-eight 七十八 几”变化而来,十位数不变,仅把个ninety-five 九十五 位上的基数词变成序数词就行了。 月份

January——1 February——2 March——3

April——4 May——5 June——6 July——7

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August! ——8 September——9 October——10 retell(重述) retold retold

November——11 December——12 sell(卖) sold sold 星期 bend(弯曲) bent bent Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday

deal(处理) dealt dealt Thursday Friday Saturday

flee(逃离) fled fled 动词不规则变化:

lean(倾斜) leant leant 高中英语不规则变化动词分类助记表 mean(意思是) meant meant Irregular Verbs for Senior English(共计137个) seek(追求) sought sought IAAA型(17个)

shine(照耀) shone shone cost(花费) cost cost cut(剪切) cut cut sit(坐) sat sat hit(撞击) hit hit hurt(伤害) hurt hurt smell(闻嗅) smelt smelt let(让) let let put(放置) put put spell(拼写) spelt spelt read(读) read read set(安放) set set spill(溅出) spilt spilt shut(关) shut shut upset(不安) upset upset spoil(惯坏) spoilt spoilt broadcast(广播)broadcast broadcast burst(迸发) burst burst stick(粘住) stuck stuck cast(抛掷) cast cast spread(传播) spread spread teach(教) taught taught forecast(预报)forecast forecast quit(停止) quit quit think(思想) thought thought bid(投标) bid bid weep(哭泣) wept wept II. ABB型(60个)

IIIABC型(52个)

bring(带来) brought brought build(建立) built built arise(起来) arose arisen burn(燃烧) burnt burnt buy(买) bought bought bear(生育、忍受)bore born/borne catch(抓捕) caught caught dream(梦见) dreamt dreamt bite(叮、咬) bit bitten feed(喂养) fed fed feel(感觉) felt felt break(打破) broke broken find(发现) found found have(有) had had crow(啼叫) crew crown hear(听见) heard heard hold(握住) held held draw(绘画、拉) drew drawn keep(保持) kept kept lay(放下) laid laid drive(开车、驱赶) drove driven lead(领导) led led learn(学会) learnt learnt fall(倒下) fell fallen leave(离开) left left lend(借出) lent lent forbid(禁止) forbade forbidden lose(失去) lost lost make(制作) made made forgive(宽谅) forgave forgiven meet(遇见) met met misunderstand(误解) misunderstood misunderstood get(得到) got got/gotten pay(付费)paid paid rebuild(重建) rebuilt rebuilt

\go(去、走) went gone



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say(说) said said

fight(战斗) fought fought bleed(流血) bled bled dig(挖) dug dug

hang(悬挂) hung hung light(电亮) lit lit

mislead(误导) misled misled send(派送) sent sent shoot(射击) shot shot sleep(睡觉) slept slept speed(加速) sped sped spend(度过) spent spent spit(吐痰) spat spat

stand(站立) stood stood sweep(打扫) swept swept tell(告诉) told told understand(懂得)understood understood win(战胜) won won

be(是) was/were been begin(开始) began begun blow(吹) blew blown

choose(选择) chose chosen do(做) did done

drink(喝) drank drunk/drunken eat(吃) ate eaten fly(飞) flew flown

forget(忘记) forgot forgotten freeze(结冰) froze frozen give(给予) gave given grow(成长) grew grown


hide(躲藏) hid hidden know(知道) knew known lie(躺) lay lain mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken ride(骑) rode ridden ring(响铃) rang rung rise (升起) rose risen see(看见) saw seen sew(缝纫) sewed sewn shake(摇动) shook shaken show(显示) showed shown sing(唱歌) sang sung sink(下沉) sank sunk/sunken sow(播种) sowed sown speak(说话) spoke spoken spring(跳跃) sprang sprung steal(偷) stole stolen strike(打击) struck stricken/struck swear(起誓) swore sworn swim(游泳) swam swum tear(撕扯) tore torn take(拿去) took taken throw(扔、抛弃)threw thrown undertake从事) undertook undertaken wear(穿、戴) wore worn weave(编织) wove woven wake(醒来) woke waken/woke write(写) wrote written IVABA型(3个)

become(成为) became become come(来) came come run(跑) ran run VAAB型(1

beat(打击) beat beaten VIAB型(4个) can(能够) could may(可能) might will(将会、愿意) would shall(将要、应该) should

形容词比较级和最高级变化规则

一、 形容词级的变化:

1、规律变化: 单音词的变化:(四条) ①一般情况: +er(比较级) +est(最高级)

eg :quiet--quieter--the quietest bright--brighter---the brightest 明亮/聪明的 dear--dearest--the dearest clever--cleverer--the cleverest hard harder →hardest fast→ faster →fastest ②词末为--e(不发音)+ r --+st eg: fine--finer--the finest nice--nicer--the nicest



cute--cuter--the cutest close--closer--the closest

white--whiter--the whitest large--larger--the largest free--freer--freest(特殊) late→later →latest

③重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的: 双写辅音字母+er--双写辅音字母+est eg: hot--hotter--the hottest big --bigger--the biggest red--redder--the reddest wet--wetter--the wettest sad--sadder--the saddest fat--fatter--the fattest thin--thinner--the thinnest fit--fitter--fittest ④少数以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节 原根词: yi+er yi+est early→ earlier →earliest

⑤三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加moremost Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful 但是,以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,unhappy, untidy我们可以说:unhappier unhappiest, untidier untidiest

2. ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词know→ known)只能加moremost来表示它们的比较级和最高级

more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn 3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式

Absolute fatal(致命的) main right universal chief final entire foremost最重要的;最先的) perfect vital 至关重要的;) eternal永恒的;不朽的)inevitable必然的,不可避免的) possible sufficient足够的;充分的) whole excellent infinite无限的)

三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式

good /well betterbest bad /ill/badly worse worst many /much more most little /few less least far farther farthest / further furthest

但是,开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加erest quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly 〔注〕: early中的ly不是后缀,故可以把yi再加erest

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