[综合类c级职称英语]2017年职称英语综合类B级重点词汇2

英语的基本句型

Ⅰ、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)(S—subject; V—verb; P--predicative)

e.g. The flowers are red.

主语 系动词 表语(形容词)

e.g. I am a worker.

主语 系动词 表语(名词)

e.g. The book is on the table.

主语 系动词 表语

e.g. The truth is that he is a liar说谎的人.

主语 系动词 表语

e.g. He looks like his father.

主语 半系动词 表语

e.g. What I want to know is when you will leave for Beijing?

主语 系动词 表语

e.g. It is important for him to be careful.

主语 系动词 表语 真正主语

Ⅱ、主语+谓语(不及物动词)(SV)

e.g. He has come back. 不及物动词后带作状语的副词

主语 谓语

e.g. They laughed at him. 不及物动词后带作状语的介词短语

主语 谓语

laugh at 1. 因…而发笑 (e.g. laugh at a joke 听了笑话而发笑); 2. 嘲笑

Ⅲ、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(SVO)(O--object)

e.g. We had some bread and eggs for breakfast . for表示目的， 作为早餐

主语 谓语 宾语 状语

e.g. I like reading English at home.

主语 谓语 动名词结构作宾语 状语

e.g. We have leant that you would visit your parents tomorrow.

主语 谓语 宾语从句

Ⅳ、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)

e.g. He gave me a book.

主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语

e.g. They informed us that they might be 20 minutes late.

主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语

Ⅴ、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+补足语(SVOC)(C--complement)

e.g. We considered him to a top student.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

e.g. The news made him very happy.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

e.g. They find it difficult to answer the question.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语

补充： 某些及物动词除要求带宾语外，有时还需要有一个成分补充说明该宾语的动作、状态、特征等，意思才完整，这个成分就是宾语补足语。

e.g. We leave the door open

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

能用于“主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+补足语(SVOC)”结构的动词不多， 常见的有：

set: e.g. set the bird free; 使处于某种状态

make: e.g. make me happy;

keep: e.g. keep the trees alive; 使…保持着(某种状态)

leave: e.g. leave the boy without care and support; 使…处于某种状态

补充：

Without: perp.没有;不

e.g. They have endured three days without food or water. (没有)

e.g. Close the door without making any noise, please. (不)

还有一种存在句型: there be 的句型

e.g. There is something wrong here.

e.g. There are two people over there.

英语句子中的几个基本句式:陈述句，疑问句，感叹句和祈使句。 陈述句分为肯定句和否定句， 陈述句和否定句(在be动词后加not或在助动词后加not)是我们最为熟悉的句式， 最常见的结构。

e.g. He is a worker. 其否定句是：He is not a worker.

e.g. He likes English. 其否定句：He doesn't like English.

疑问句分为一般疑问句，特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句就是把be动词或助动词提到句首，

e.g. Is he a worker?

e.g. Does he like English?

而特殊疑问句就是在句子是由特殊疑问代词或疑问副词引导，

e.g. what do you like?

e.g. Where are you going?

反意疑问句由前后两部分组成，若前一部分用肯定式，后部分用否定式;若前一部分用否定式，后一部分用肯定式。反意疑问句句尾由“助动词+代词”构成。

e.g. He is a student, isn’t he?

e.g. He likes English, doesn’t he?

e.g. He cannot speak English, can he?

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