①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等;All of them went there.→None of them went there.(他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里)
②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如:Few people live there because life there is very hard.(几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了)
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如:That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)
④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序, 即:主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。
⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如:The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. (老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家)/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗?)
3)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如:I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.(我没有兄弟姐妹)
have 的否定形式:
当表示“有”的意思时,可以采用以下三种形式:have+not;do not+ have; have+ no+ n. 如:I have not enough food to eat.= I do not have enough food to eat. =I have no enough food to eat.
当have为助动词时,用“have+ not”结构。如:I have not been toShanghai。
当have既不表示“有”,也不作助动词用时,用“do not+ have”结构。I didn’t have breakfast this morning.
具体到反义疑问句中,则遵循以下原则:
a.当have表示“有”含义时,反意疑部问部分可以用have形式,也可以用do形式。例如: He has a book in his hand, hasn't he? He has a book in his hand, doesn't he? b.当陈述部分的动词是have“有”的否定形式时,反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式,取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如: You haven't a car, have you? You don't have any money with you, do you? c.当have不表示“有”含义而表示其他含义时,反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如: We had a good time in the vacation, didn't we? He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesn't he? You have to get up early tomorrow, don't you?
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