2016年四级考试作文:2016四级考试阅读笔记(8)

实验型文章的做题方法：
　　1、抓住实验代表人物
　　2、抓住实验目的
　　1）通常为实验开始前的动词不定式
　　2）实验目的=实验型文章的主题
　　3、抓住实验结果：实验结果-----直接结果和实验结论
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
　　21. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _________.
　　A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
　　B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
　　C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
　　D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
　　22. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
　　A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
　　B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
　　C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
　　D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
　　23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
　　A) beat
　　B) envied
　　C) caught up with
　　D) made the best of
　　24. Which of the following statements is true?
　　A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
　　B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
　　C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
　　D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
　　25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
　　A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
　　B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
　　C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
　　D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
　　Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
　　注：1.concentrate 集中注意力 2.第一段交待实验对象，实验目的
　　In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple tests smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
　　注：第一句实验过程即细节，应该速读，第二句实验结果
　　The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
　　注：1.第一句实验细节
　　2.stimulation 刺激
　　In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
　　注：committe=do （坏事） commite a crime
　　The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
　　注：1.首句为实验过程
　　2.第二句为实验结果，作比较，可简写为 Nonsmoker remembered more than active smoker
　　3.划线的部分指的是active smoker. 即deprived smoker bested active smoker
　　4.best v. 胜过
　　23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
　　A) beat
　　B) envied
　　C) caught up with
　　D) made the best of
　　注：词汇题，根据第5段末句的意思可推断为A选项。

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