2022年下半年英语四级高级语法参考

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【#四六级考试# 导语】你想有拥有你没有过的能力,就要去做自己没有做过的努力。®文档大全网为大家准备了以下内容,供大家参考阅读。

1.2022年下半年英语四级高级语法参考

  插入语

  插入语通常是说话者对所表达意思的一种补充、强调、解释或者是说话人的一种态度。它的位置比较灵活,常常会用逗号或者破折号和其他部分隔开,但是在语法上不会影响其他成分。

  插入语六大用法小结

  例1 _____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

  A.General speaking B.Speaking general

  C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally

  小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为), judging from……(根据……判断)等。

  例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____,neither of them could swim.

  A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally

  小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。

  例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard,_____, you failed.

  A.in the end B.after all  C.in other words D.at the same time

  小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先), in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。

  例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____,we last met more than thirty years ago.

  A.What‘s more B.That is to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not

  小结:用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白),I’m afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what’s more(而且),what’s worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。

  例5 _____ with you,I have no money to spare.

  A.To be frank B.What’s more  C.In addition D.However

  小结:常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sum up(概括地说),to tell the truth(老实说)等。

  例6 _____, he should have done such a thing.

  A.Speaking general B.Strange to say  C.Luckily D.Of course

  小结:常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),most important of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。

  Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).

  The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.

  Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.

2.2022年下半年英语四级高级语法参考

  非谓语动词

  几种做句子成分的情况

  1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

  (1)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

  不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

  Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)

  Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

  (2)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

  It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

  2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

  (1)不定式作表语

  1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

  To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。

  What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

  2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

  To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

  (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

  Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。

  His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。

  (3)分词作表语

  分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。

  interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

  exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

  puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的

  satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

  旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。Travelling is interesting but tiring.

  The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

  The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。

  They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

  3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

  begin开始 determine决定 manage设法 agree同意 love 喜欢 fail不能 plan计划

  (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

  acknowledge承认,admit 承认 dislike不喜欢,讨厌 advocate:提倡,主张 complete完成

  appreciate 感激,欣赏 avoid避免 enjoy享有,喜爱 delay延迟 escape逃跑,逃避 deny否认

  consider 考虑 fancy幻想,爱好 mind 介意 miss错过 finish完成,结束不得 resist抵抗,阻止 imagine设想 postpone延迟,延期 practise 实行,实践 suggest建议 prevent阻止

  keep保持 quit放弃停止 loathe非常讨厌,厌恶 recall回想

  例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

  我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

  (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

  1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

  forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

  2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

  stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

  3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)

  remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

  4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾

  regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

  5)try to do努力、企图做某事

  try doing试验、试一试某种办法

  6) mean to do打算,有意要…

  mean doing意味着

3.2022年下半年英语四级高级语法参考

  全部倒装:

  ①当首句为方位或时间副词,谓语动词为go,come等时通常用全部倒装。

  ② 如果句首出现了地点状语,句子也可以进行全部倒装。

  ③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候,可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首,把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词,主语放在后面。

  部分倒装:

  1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时,这个句子就需要部分倒装。

  2、当句首为only加状语的时候,这个句子需要部分倒装。

  3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时,常引起部分倒装。

  4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上,表示虽然的意思。

  5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。

  hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....:

  hardly,scarcely,no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时,when 后面用一般过去时;the more ......the more... 越....越.... ;

  实例练习(1)

  1.直到他完成使命(Not until he had fufilled/finished his mission)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.06)

  2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不应该对法庭撒谎。(07.12)

  3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感觉安全和放松。he feels secure and relaxed. (07.6)

  4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收费过高, but he didn't do a good repair job either. (06.6)

  5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意识到他是无辜的。

  6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到达运动场。

  阅读中的倒装:

  1. Among the report are more outrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings - a Geman fertilizer described itself as "earthworm-friendly", a brand of flour said it was " non- polluting", and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".(05.06阅读)

  该报道当中,有很多让人无法忍受的发现,如:一种德国肥料被描绘成“对蚯蚓无害”;一种新的品牌的面粉写道“没有任何污染”;还有一家英国公司的卫生纸被宣称为“环保者”。

  2. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become me reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore.(07.06阅读)

  几年前的一天,我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答:关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。

  3. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. (03.01阅读)

  与新技术息息相关的是一些现代商人,他们日益看重国外生意的经济价值。

  实例练习(2)

  1. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.(06.12阅读)

  萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。

  阅读当中遇到的句型:

  一般情况下开始出现了地点状语或者是分词引导的一个状语结构,中间出现了谓语动词,后面出现一个主语,主语后面接上一些限定(包括从句、补充说明等),这种形式就是出现的全部倒装的形式。

  2. Not only has the highway systerm affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. (0606阅读)

  公路系统不但为美国经济的发展提供了运输路线,还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。

  3. Only when it's gone do you wish you've done more to protect it.(0806阅读)

  当你失去的时候,你才会希望自己原来能够多做点事情以保护好它。

  only后面必须接状语的时候,句子才可以部分倒装。 eg. Only you can do this job.

  4. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.(0706阅读)

  我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因,帮助我们更好地治疗;还要提供综合疗法,治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。

  5. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.(0906阅读)

  如果我不是参加了这次讲习班,我肯定会不由自主地认为那位男士候选人更合适,因为我们这个空缺的岗位需要频繁出差。

  6. It is said that never before has man been so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale.

  据说人们从来没有过这么大的成功尝试用这么小的规模去描述气候。

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