新概念第二册课文原文及翻译,新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson76、77、78】

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《新概念英语》第二册第76课: April Fools' Day

【课文】

First listen and then answer the question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What was the joke?

'To end our special news bulletin,' said the voice of the television announcer, 'we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Riccardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs. Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs. Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest: the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1991. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April lst. We're now going back to the studio.'

【课文翻译】

“作为我们专题新闻节目的结尾，”电视广播员说，“我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。通心粉在这个地区已经种植了600多年了。两个主要种植者，朱塞皮.莫尔道瓦和里卡多.布拉班特告诉我，他们一直期待着今年获得一个大丰收，收割工作比往年开始要早些。这里您可以看到两个工人，他们协力割下了3车金黄色的通心粉秸。全村的人都日夜奋战，要赶在9月的雨季之前把今年的庄稼收获上来，打完场。在屏幕的右侧，您可以看到布拉班特太太本人，她已经帮了她的丈夫30年了。布拉班特太太现在正和负责通心粉加工的当地加工厂的经理交谈。这最后一个镜头向您展示了收获之后将发生的事情：的克拉布利亚人吃通心粉大赛!目前的冠军弗拉特里先生，自1991年以来，年年获胜。今天 -- 4月1日，星期四--的专题新闻节目到此结束。现在我们回到电视演播室。”

【生词汇总】

fool n. 傻瓜

bulletin n. 新闻简报

announcer n. (电视、之声)播音员

macaroni n. 通心面，空心面条

leading adj. 主要的

grower n. 种植者

splendid adj. 极好的

stalk n. 梗

gather v. 收庄稼

thresh v. 打(庄稼)

process v. 加工

Signor n. (意大利语)先生

present adj. 目前的

champion n. 冠军

studio n. 播音室

【知识点讲解】

1. fool [n] 傻瓜;受骗者 [v] 欺骗;开玩笑;戏弄

April fool 愚人节中受愚弄者 act /play the fool 扮丑角

A fool and his money are soon parted.

笨蛋难聚财。

除了作名词，fool也可以作动词用。

make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人，欺骗某人 fool about 游手好闲，干蠢事 fool away 浪费，虚度

He always taking a delight in making a fool of others.

他总是以愚弄他人为乐。

2. bulletin [n]公报，公告 [v]发表，用公告通知

Bulletin Board System 电子布告栏，也即我们常说的BBS。 official bulletin 正式公报，官方公报

weather bulletin 气象通报 results bulletin 成绩公告

It is said on the bulletin that the wage adjustment will be carried out from next month.

公告上说从下个月开始进行工资调整。

3. we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria.

我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。

go over 有很多种意思，比如检查、复习、重做、越过、转向等等。在上面这个句子中go over(to…)表示从较远的一处到另一处。

go over big 大受欢迎 go over the wall 越狱 go over the ground 调查事实，检查情况

4. Two of the leading growers 两个主要种植者

leading作形容词表示“最主要的、最重要的”

leading article 社论 leading lady /man 演出的主角 leading light 重要人物

5. they have been expecting a splendid crop this year.

他们一直期待着今年获得一个大丰收。

have been+动词现在分词 这是一个现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，但现在仍在继续，今后可能继续延续。也就是说他们过去就一直很希望有个丰收，现在仍然有这样一个愿望。

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别在于：

①现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较下面两个句子：

We have been lived here for more than ten years.

We have been living here for more than ten years.

②在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作已结束。

She has been working for this company. 她一直供职于这家公司。

She has worked for this company. 她曾经供职于这家公司。

③有些表状态、感情、感觉的动词如have/exist/like/hate/hear/know/sound等词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。

How long have you heard this news?

你知道这个消息多久了?

6. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks.

这里您可以看到两个工人，他们协力割下了3车金黄色的通心粉秸。

这里面包含一个定语从句，在这整个句子中，后半部分have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks.是修饰two workers。

7. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains.

全村的人都日夜奋战，要赶在9月的雨季之前把今年的庄稼收获上来，打完场。

这个句子里working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop，后面的现在分词gathering和threshing表示方式状语，意思是全村人都日夜奋战，奋战的方式就是gathering(收割)和threshing(打谷)。

September rains 九月雨季时节

rain表示“雨季”“季节性雨”的时候要用复数形式rains。

《新概念英语》第二册第77课: Successful operation

【课文】

First listen and then answer the question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Did the doctors find out how the woman died?

The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.

【课文翻译】

死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。搞清的办法就是手术。手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。

【生词汇总】

mummy n. 木乃伊

Egyptian adj. 埃及的

temple n. 庙

mark n. 斑点

plate n. (照相)底片

disease n. 疾病

last v. 持续

prove v. 显示出

resin n. 树脂

skin n. 皮肤

section n. 切片

figure n. (人的)体形;人像

normally adv. 通常地

survive v. 幸免于

【知识点讲解】

1. The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.

死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。

mummy [n]木乃伊，干尸

在小孩口语中也可表示妈妈，但美式英语多写作mommy。

operation [n]手术;运转，操作

① 表示手术时的短语有 give an operation on sb. 给某人做手术 have an operation on sb. 给某人做手术 undergo an operation 接受一项手术

② 表示运作，操作时的短语有 in operation 操作中;运转中 come/be into operation 生效;开始实行 bring sth. into operation (使某事物)生效，起作用

e.g. He is accepting a lung transplant operation.

他在接受一项肺移植手术。

When will these regulations come into operation?

这些条例何时生效?

2. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.

这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。

that of 这里的that指代前面的the mummy，避免与前面重复。在比较状语从句中，指代特定的事物时，通常用that或those来指代前面提到的事物，使整个人句子更加简洁明了。that of和those of一般用于比较正式的句子中。例如：

The economy of America is much more prosperous than that of Japan.

美国的经济比日本繁荣很多。

3. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy.

由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点。

① mark 表示斑点、标记 其他意思类似的还有sign，signal，symbol。它们的主要区别如下：

mark 很显眼的标记，一般是指可用眼睛直接看到的。

symbol 一般指象征意义上的标志，可以是实物，也可能是虚有的。

sign 指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。

signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。

② plate (照相用的)感光底片;玻璃感光片

take the plate of 给……拍底片

在课文中，plates taken of the mummy 这里是过去分词taken做后置定语修饰plates。

4. doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。

① have been trying 这是一个现在完成进行时动作

② 该句子为whether引导的宾语从句。if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词ask 、see 、say 、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。

I don't know whether it will rain tomorrow.

我不知道明天是否会下雨。

if和whether引导宾语从句时要注意以下几个方面：

a. whether或if不能和that 或其它连词(副词)同时使用，也不能省去。例如：

[误] I didn't know that whether (if) he was back.

[正]I didn't know whether (if) he was back.

b. whether或if引导的宾语从句时，虽具有疑问意义，但从句语序应用陈述句语序。例如：

Did you finish your essay? The professor asked me. →The professor asked me whether I had finished my essay.

c. whether /if引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。具体如上例。

在某些情况下，从句中用whether还是if要看具体情况。

if和whether的区别：

A 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如：

I can't decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

B 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：

例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。

C 在介词后，只能用whether。如：

His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。

D 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。如：

Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。

E 用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：

Could you tell me if you know the answer?

这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗?”如用whether可避免歧义。

5. The operation, which lasted for over four hours.

手术持续了4个多小时。

这个句子中，last表示持续，与此类似的词还有stay，keep等。这三个词的区别在于：

last作系动词，表示持续一段时间。它既可以单独使用，也可以在后面接表示时间的词。例如：

I believe that the bad whether won't last. 我相信这坏天气不会持续下去的。

stay也可作系动词，后面可接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等，表示保持某种状态。例如：

I have been stayed awake for a whole night. 我已经失眠整整一晚上了!

keep作实义动词，表示继续、处于……状态，后接名词、代词、副词或现在分词。例如：

Why did you keep me waiting outside for such a long time? 为什么让我在外面等这么久?

《新概念英语》第二册第78课: The last one?

【课文】

First listen and then answer the question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

For how long did the writer give up smoking?

After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!

【课文翻译】

读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了!

【生词汇总】

entitle v. 以......为名

calm v. 使镇定

nerve n. 神经

concentration n. 集中，专心

suffer v. 受苦，受害

symptom n. 症状

temper n. 脾气

appetite n. 胃口，食欲

produce v. 拿出

urge v. 力劝，怂恿

satisfaction n. 满意，满足

delighted adj. 欣喜的

【知识点讲解】

1. After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.

读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。

① entitle 给……取名;定名

在上面这个句子里entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health'是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的article。

entitle sb. to sth 给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利。

e.g. The people entitles us to safeguard fairness and justice.

人民赋予了我们维护公平正义的权利。

entitlement [n]授权;有资格

② nerve [n] 神经

calm one's nerves 镇定某人的神经;使平静 get on one's nerves 刺激或烦扰某人 hit /touch a (raw) nerve 提及使某人气愤、痛苦的事

③ calm 有多种词性 作形容词表示平静的，无风浪的;作名词表示平静状态或时期，习语the calm before the storm即指暴风雨来临前的宁静;作动词则表示使平静;镇定，如词组calm down。

2. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette.

我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这枝烟。因为我确信这是我最后一支烟了。

with+concentration and pleasure 这种with+n. 的形式表示方式状语，修饰前面的smoke这个动作。

as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. 这个句子里as表示原因“因为、由于”。英语中表示原因的词有好几个，它们在用法上的区别如下：

① as 表原因是“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，它所引导的从句一般是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由。as可放在句首，也可放在句中。

As it was raining outside, we decided to come back.

因为外面雨下得很大，所以我们决定回来。

② because 通常表示直接的原因。because引导的从句表示直接或明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why提出的问题，一般位于主句之后。

③ for 并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。

It must be morning for the birds are singing.

现在一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫。

We are told to wait at the station because there is an emergency.

因为有紧急情况，我们被告知要在车站等待。

④ since 语气较弱，强调已知的事实。

Since she hasn't come, I will travel alone.

既然她没来，我就只能自己去旅行了。

3. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly.

整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。

① not…at all 一点也不

② suffer 不及物动词 受苦、吃苦头 suffer from /with /for sth.

suffering [n] 痛苦 复数 sufferings [复数] 痛苦的感觉;苦恼;折磨

It seems that he is suffering from a headache.

看起来他正遭受着头痛之苦。

4. symptom [n] 症状 symptom of sth. ……的症状或征兆

Sometimes chest tightness is the symptom of heart disease.

有时候胸闷是心脏病的征兆。

5. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.

我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。

① keep on doing和keep doing 两者均表示“继续做某事，反复做某事”，两者一般情况下可互换使用，但也有一些细微区别。

a. keep on 强调间隔性和动作的反复性，含有不顾警告、困难和反对而任然坚持做下去的意思。

b. 表示连续不断的动作时用keep doing。

② made no effort 不努力 make every effort=spare no effort=try every means 尽一切努力

③ produce 一般produce表示生产、制造等意思，但这个词也可以表示拿出或出示某物(供检验或使用)，相当于bring out或者show。

produce sth. (from /out of sth)

6. urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事

The teacher urged us to hand in the paper when the ring rang.

铃声响起时老师催我们交卷。

新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson76、77、78】.doc

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