2016年来支招：托福长难句看不懂怎么办

从我以往的教学经验中，学生对英语句子简化题比较恐惧，没有好的做题方法。询问了一些同学，他们说，每次做这类题，就是快速看四个选项，看哪个选项长的接近，凭着英语感觉选择。这么做题，正确率难保证。
　　首先，我们来看一道长难句(摘自托福阅读120长难句)
　　There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
　　这句话看似结构复杂，很长。其实，它的主句就是There are reports. 有一些报告。后面跟着三个that，它们是并列的同位语从句，用来解释reports具体指什么。所以我们就可以把这句话简单理解成 “有一些报告，关于这些报告有三方面的内容”. 如果学生能够把句子分析到这个地步，那么之后的简化就会很轻松。
　　我们再来看一道句子简化题
　　The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
　　Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
　　Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
　　The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
　　Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
　　第一步：找出逻辑词
　　Resultfrom 是逻辑词，表示(一件事)由于(后者)而发生。 Result from 前面是结果，后面是原因。
　　第二步：分析逻辑词前后句，找出主要内容
　　Result from 前面很简单，就只有一个主语，seriousness of desertification
　　Resultfrom 后面有三个并列的分句。1.vast areas of land 2. the tremendous numbers of people affected 3. greatdifficulty of reversing or slowing the process 这三个并列分句表达了造成seriousness of desertification的原因。
　　第三步：看选项找出相同逻辑词
　　只有A和B 中间有同样表示因果关系的词:because
　　第四步：看选项，确保逻辑词前后主要内容一致
　　B项中，slowingdown the process是出现在原因中的，不是结果，所以不能放在because之前。只有A项符合原文内容。如果仔细看，此句话中，也已经完整表达了三个造成seriousness of desertification的原因。
　　再看下面这个长难句
　　“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
　　句子分析：仅仅一句话，内容丰富。 大家能看出主语，谓语是什么吗? in order to 表示“为了..." 后面跟了很长的一段。动词+名词的简短组合，按照我们的方法，用笔勾画出每一个动词，逐个进行翻译，这句话就迎刃而解。动词包括，eastablish, insure, provide, promote, secure, do ordain and establish.
　　词汇分析: tranquility 一词 从 tranquil 而来，表示:pleasantly calm,quiet, and peaceful. 大家也就知道tranquility的意思了。
　　这段话，聪明的你看出摘自哪里了吗? 来自《the Constitution of the United States - Preamble》美国宪法 ---- 序言。

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