新概念英语第二册教学_新概念英语第二册学习笔记Lesson94~96
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新概念英语第二册学习笔记Lesson94
1. Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. 实验证明，儿童在很小的时候就可以开始学习游泳。
1)Instruct vt.教授 ; 命令
instruct sb. in english教某人英语
Instruct sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。
teach最普通用词，含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。
instruct与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。
2)at a very early age 这是一个固定的搭配，“ 在很小的时候”。年龄的表达还有很多种形式，例如：“他20岁”
He is twenty.
He is twenty years old.
He is a twenty-year-old man.
He is aged twenty. (age可用作动词)
He is at age twenty.
He is at the age of twenty.
He is twenty years of age.
表示“在某人几十多岁”，用“in one's +基数词复数形式”，例如：
他七十多岁。He is in his seventies.(从70岁到79岁之间)
她五十多岁。She is in her fifties.(从50岁到59岁之间)
2. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. 在洛杉矶的一个特设的游泳池里，孩子们甚至在还没有学会走路时就已经能熟练地在水下屏住呼吸了。
句型： before 引导时间状语从句，译为“在…之前…”。
1)expert表示“熟练者”、“专家”， 后面通常跟at/in/on sth/doing sth.结构
He was an expert in reproducing of ancient pictures.
他是一个临摹古画的能手
The scientist is an expert in the field of Biochemistry.
2)hold one's breath 为固定短语，表示“屏住呼吸”：
Hold your breath for a few seconds.
屏息几秒钟。
out of breath:上气不接下气
She was out of breath from climbing the stairs.
爬楼梯使她上气不接下气的。
waste one's breath;白费口舌
Don't waste your breath on him.
不要对他白费唇舌。
in one breath:片刻
Several students made the request in one breath.
好几个学生同时提出这个要求。
3. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. 他们很快便适应了游泳，以致能捡起池底的物品。
1)句型：It is not long before… “不久…”“很快…”
It will not be a long time before we finish this dictionary.
我们用不了多长时间就能把这部词典编完。
so…that…引导结果状语从句的从属连词
He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.
他气得话都说不出来。
2)be accustomed to(=be used to doing) 表示“习惯于”、“适应…”后面通常跟名词或动名词：
I'm accustomed to cold weather.
我习惯了冷天气。
accustom oneself to sth./doing sth.“使自己养成...的习惯”，“使自己适应…”
She found it necessary to accustom herself to getting up early.
她发现让自己养成早起的习惯是很必要的。
4. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. 这些幼小的游泳运动员非常喜爱的一种游戏是水下三轮车比赛。
句型： that 引导定语从句(that is very popular with these young swimmers)修饰 a game。
1)be popular with(among)“ 受…的欢迎”，“为…所喜爱”
Mary is popular with / among children.
玛丽受孩子们的欢迎。
2) tricycle = tri+ cycle 三轮车
常见的拉丁数字前缀：
One – uni – unique 独特的(); uniform 制服
Two – bi/du- bicycle自行车(两个轮子);bilingual 双语的; dual 二重的
Three- tri- triangle 三角形
Four - quadr/quart - quadruple 四倍
Five – quint- quintuple 五倍;quincentenary 五百周年纪念的
Six - sex- sexangle 六边形; sextet 六重奏
Seven - sept- septangle 七边形 ;septennial 七年一度的
Eight - octa- octopus 章鱼(章鱼有八条腿); octapod 章鱼类生物
Nine - non- nonagon 九边形 ;nonet 九重奏; nonuple 九倍
Ten - deci- decimalism 十进制; decimeter 十米
Half - semi- simicircle 半圆 ;semicolonial 半殖民地
Many - multi- multitude 多数，大量;multimedia 多媒体
Hundred - cent- century 世纪; centigrade 度
5. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. 他们将来是否能成为奥林匹克的冠军，这只能由时间来作出回答。
1)Whether 引导的从句，是tell 宾语，正常语序为“only time will tell whether they …”
宾语从句置于句首，表示强调。通常，以疑问词引导的宾语从句会用于这种句型：
Whether she will come or not , no one knows.
她是否会来，没有人知道。
2)whether 和 if的区别
(1)whether 和 if 在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用：
I don't care whether/if it will rain or not.
(2)当后面跟 or not 时，只能用whether.
I don't care whether or not it will rain.
(3)宾语从句放置句首是，用 whether ，不用if
Whether it is true or not, I can't say.
这个是真是假，我无法断言
(4)在介词后引导宾语从句时，用whether:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
这完全取决于他们是否支持我们
(5)用if 会引起歧义的时，用whether:
please let me know if you want come.
请通知我你是否想来/如果你想来请通知我们(歧义)
Please let me know whether you want to come.
请通知我你是否想来
(6)其它几种只用whether的情况：引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句;引导主语从句置于句首时(例3);后接动词不定式时。
新概念英语第二册学习笔记Lesson95
1. When the Ambassador or Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. 当艾斯卡罗比亚国的大使回到家吃午饭时，把他的夫人吓了一跳。
Japan's ambassador to China 日本驻华大使
Embassy of Japan in China日本驻华大使馆
2. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂?”
mess 表示“脏乱状态”时通常与in连用或与 get into连用，get into such a mess“一塌糊涂”。
Why was your hair in such a mess?
你的头发怎么会那么乱?
Your bedroom is totally in a mess.
你的卧室简直一团糟。
mess动词把…弄乱，作此意时，多数会和up连用，to mess up指把什么东西弄坏，陷入困境
I was used to him messing up the kitchen.
我对他把厨房弄脏已经习惯了
Don't let alcohol or drug mess up your brain.
不要让酒精和毒品毁掉你的头脑。
If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.
如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的错，因此不要为我们的错误发牢骚，从中吸取教训吧。
3. University students set the Embassy on fire this morning. 今天上午大学生们放火点着了大使馆。
set… on fire/set fire to sth 纵火，引起点火或燃烧
The police found out the criminal who had set the cinema on fire yesterday.
警察查出了昨天纵火烧电*的犯人。
In 1834, someone set fire to the Houses of Parliament.
1834年，有人放火点着了国会大厦。
4. 'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. “我和往常一样，在办公室里，”大使回答说。“地下室突然着火，我当然马上下去了。”
break out (=begin suddenly) 火灾、战争、火山、地震爆等“突然发生”、“爆发”
In the world anti-Facist wars,the Sino-Japanese war was the first to break out and lasted the longest.
在这场世界反法西斯战争中，中国人民抗日战争开始最早、持续时间最长。
5. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'“我当然马上下去了。但那个傻瓜霍斯特把灭火器对准了我。他认为是我着火了。我一定要把那个家伙打发走。”
aim的用法说明 ：
1) 不管用作名词还是动词，其后均常接介词 at
He aimed hisgun at the bird, but did not fire.
他用枪瞄准鸟，但没开枪。
He took aim at the bird, but missed.
他向鸟瞄准，但没射中。
有时其后也接介词 for, 表示希望达到某个目标：
We should aimfor the best results.
我们要力争获得的结果
2) 其后接不定式，表示“想要做某事” (有时可与aim at doing互换)：
He aims to become (=at becoming) a computer expert.
他想成为计算机专家
3) 用作名词，表示“目的”、“目标”等，是可数名词;表示“瞄准”，是不可数名词：
John has only one aim in life --- to be amillionaire.
约翰的人生只有一个目标，就是成为百万富翁
Takecareful aim at the target.
仔细瞄准
4) “实现目标”在英语中要用动词 achieve, 一般不用 reach：
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。
新概念英语第二册学习笔记Lesson96
1. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. 这个节日是个欢乐的日子，因为在这一天，据说死去的人要回到他们的家里来，活着的人则对他们表示欢迎。
(1)the dead与the living 均为定冠词+ 形容词结构，表示某类人。
(2)被动句， 主动形式 the living say the dead will return to their home and they show their welcome.
2. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. 因为预料到他们在经过长途旅行之后会感到饥饿，所以为他们摆放好了食品。
as 引导原因状语从句，as从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果。
As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。
除此as 还可以引导
(1)时间状语从句：as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。
(2)方式状语从句：此处as译为，按照或正如
Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。
(3)让步状语从句：as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。
Child as he is , he knows a lot.
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
(4)比较状语从句：连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as，从属连词有as…as, not so/as…as, the same…as, such…as。
Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn't run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。
Lay out 其含义之一为“摆出”、“摊开”：
Just as he laid out his book, the telephone rang.
他刚把书摊开电话就响了。
3. specially-made lanterns，特制的灯笼。
specially-made 是个复合形容词，由副词+过去分词构成。
well-known 的
well-preserved 保存/保养得好的
4. All night long(=during the whole night)整个夜晚， all day long (= all the day)整天
long 在这里是副词，表示“整个”、“在整段期间中”，通常与 all 连用：
She stayed with her grandfather all summer long.
她整个夏天都和她爷爷呆在一起。
5. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. 成千上万只灯笼慢慢漂向大海，指引着亡灵返回另一个世界。
The other world 另一个世界
Many people believe that when they die they will go to the other world.
许多人们相信，他们离开人世会去另一个世界。
hereafter 来世
Do you believe in the hereafter?
你是否相信有来世?
新概念英语第二册学习笔记Lesson94~96.doc
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