2019年1月17日雅思小作文|2019年1月17日雅思机经真题回忆

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　　【听力】

　　Section 1

　　新题/旧题：旧题

　　场景：旅游

　　主题：酒店册子制作

　　题型及数量：10填空题

　　考试题目+答案：

　　1. company name: Central Hotel Chanis

　　2. letters of address should be bigger

　　3. the pool should be removed

　　4. change the desc ription under the top photo to reception

　　5. use the picture with view / views of the hotel

　　6. the price / prices should be in red print

　　7. translate into Spanish

　　8. deadline: by the end of July

　　9. address: no. 9 green drive, Cliffton, NY 21300

　　10. telephone number: 903036602

　　考点：题目5，6单复数暂时有争议，做题需要进行检查，注意基本功的练习。

　　可参考真题：C9T3S1;C8T4S2

　　Section 2

　　新题/旧题：旧题

　　场景：工作/旅游

　　主题：图书馆扩建

　　题型及数量：5单选+5地图匹配

　　考试题目+答案：

　　11-15)Multiple Choice

　　11. Why XXX didn’t attend today?

　　A. She’s not very well

　　B. David is the manage director now

　　C. 暂缺

　　12. Disadvantage of new library?

　　A. expensive ticket

　　B. lack of publicity

　　C. inconvenient time

　　13. What did the man said about theft at library?

　　A. building facility was destroyed

　　B. a large number of items were stolen

　　C. theft already had preparation and plans

　　14. Why they want to expand the library?

　　A. it has no renovation since it was founded

　　B. it needs to double the number of computers

　　C. need to increase number of visiting people

　　15. The investment of library will be deployed to?

　　A. extra staff recruit

　　B. computer

　　C. lighting

　　16-20)Map Matching

　　16 child room-C

　　17 committee room-E

　　18 café-B

　　19 academic room-H

　　20 multimedia room-G

　　考点：地图题做题方法及方位词的使用

　　可参考真题：C11T1S2;C11T2S2

　　Section 3

　　新题/旧题：新题

　　场景：学术

　　主题：对牛仔裤流行的研究

　　题型及数量：待补充

　　考试题目+答案：待补充

　　考点：待补充

　　可参考真题：待补充

　　Section 4

　　新题/旧题：旧题

　　场景：发展

　　主题：UN report in 1987

　　题型及数量：10填空题

　　考试题目+答案：

　　31. Lecture aim: the analysis of confusion

　　32. Sustainability for future generation

　　33. No much mention of environment

　　34. Poor country should have the same rights as rich country to natural resource

　　35. Synonym for green but need time for technology to offer solution

　　36. Sustainable lobby was used for development in nuclear power

　　37. Example: Take research on Electric cars build up more station on roadsinstead of better battery

　　38. Crop need water about 75%

　　39. In the use of natural resource: such as sun flowers or wheat which consumed much less water instead of corn

　　40. The people faced water problem is to change of our diet

　　考点：同意替换，结构转换。

　　可参考真题：C5T3S4;C4T1S4

　　【口语】

　　Desc ribe a language you want to learn (not English)

　　You should say:

　　What it is

　　How you would learn it

　　Where you would learn it

　　And why you want to learn the language

　　这张话题卡题目为描述想学的第二外语，可能涉及时态：

　　1. 一般现在时，注意必要时动词第三人称单数变形;

　　2. 一般过去式：注意动词过去式正确变形;

　　3. 现在完成时：have / has done，注意助动词have / has与人称的正确搭配，以及动词过去分词的正确变形;

　　4. 现在完成进行时：have / has been doing，注意助动词have / has与人称的正确搭配，以及动词过去分词的正确变形;

　　5. 一般将来时，注意will或者shall均为情态动词，之后一律要跟上动词原形。

　　话题一开始，简单明了的告诉考官你想学的语言是什么，在这里可以用到一个短语叫做the first thing that comes to my mind is… 意思为我第一个想到的就是什么，那么作为想学习的一门语言，可以有：French;Spanish;Korean;Russian;Italian;Japanese;German等等，另外一定要注意的是，作为a second foreign language(第二外语)，一定要讲除英语以外的语言。

　　接下来开始描述想要学这个语言的原因，描述原因时可以有以下几个方面：

　　1. 第一次听到这个语言的场景，对于场景我们可以有：when I watched a movie;when I listened to a song;when I heard sb. talking;when I was in a restaurant等等。你对其的感受以及这门语言吸引到你的地方，I found it beautiful / amazing / attractive / breath-taking / poetic。

　　2. 描述一下自己接触这门语言的经过，觉得简单还是困难，在学习过程中可能或者已经碰见了什么难处，是否可以解决，或者应该怎样解决, 对于学习一门语言的困难，我们可以提到：lack of resource;lack of environment;grammar is too hard to handle;there’s a world of difference between this language and my mother tongue。

　　3. 描述这门语言是否实用，通过学习这门语言自己可以如何获利。

　　参考答案：

　　If I have to choose a language that I would like to learn in the future, Spanish is definitely the first thing that comes to my mind which I have been intending to learn for a long time.

　　I still remember the first time I heard Spanish was from a song called “La isla bonita”, which means the beautiful island, I was truly attracted by the melody and the lyrics of the song even though I couldn’t even understand at that time. Since then, I started to listen to a lot of Spanish songs and watch some Spanish movies, I was almost addicted to its amazing intonation and pronunciation, no wonder people regard Spanish as the language of God.

　　Well, actually I have already started learning Spanish by myself. I bought some vocabulary books and downloaded a few apps on my phone to learn from the very basic things, but soon I realized that it was more than I could teach myself. Especially when it came to verbs, there were too many forms to master properly without any instructions, it gradually made me confused. Plus, there weren’t any native speakers around me, I had nobody to practice with. Therefore, my plan of learning Spanish didn’t go well like I expected.

　　Another reason that I would love to learn Spanish is that it is also a world wide language besides English, if I can ever have a chance to visit some of my favorite American countries like Mexico and Colombia, Spanish will become extremely useful.

　　Well, I really hope that some day I could have the opportunity to take Spanish course and learn from a qualified teacher. I'm aware of the factor that there will be many difficulties during the process, but i believe, "Where there is a will, there is a way."

　　【阅读】

　　Passage 1

　　文章题材：说明文(自然科普)

　　文章题目：遗忘的森林

　　文章难度：★★

　　文章内容：文章介绍了长叶松森林在美国面临着即将消失的严峻形势，林火对长叶松林的重要作用，以及研究人员如何利用林火和提高人们对其重要性的认识来保护长叶松森林。

　　题型及数量：9填空题+4判断题

　　题目及答案：

　　1. Nests

　　2. Tortoises

　　3. Oaks

　　4. Native Americans

　　5. presc ribed burns

　　6. shrubs

　　7. soil

　　8. ants

　　9. eggs

　　10. TRUE

　　11. FALSE

　　12. NOT GIVEN

　　13. TRUE

　　可参考真题：C5T4P2：Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass

　　考试原文：

　　The Forgotten Forest

　　Found only in the Deep South of America, long leaf pine woodlands have dwindled to about 3 percent of their former range, but new efforts are under way to restore them.

　　THE BEAUTY AND THE BIODIVERSITY of the longleaf pine forest are well-kept secrets, even in its native South. Yet it is among the richest ecosystems in North America, rivaling tallgrass prairies and the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest in the number of species it shelters. And like those two other disappearing wildlife habitats, longleaf is also critically endangered.

　　In longleaf pine forests, trees grow widely scattered, creating an open, parklike environment, more like a savanna than a forest. The trees are not so dense as to block the sun. This openness creates a forest floor that is among the most diverse in the world, where plants such as many-flowered grass pinks, trumpet pitcher plants, Venus flytraps, lavender ladies and pineland bog-buttons grow. As many as 50 different species of wild flowers, shrubs, grasses and ferns have been cataloged in just a single square meter.

　　Once, nearly 92 million acres of longleaf forest flourished from Virginia to Texas, the only place in the world where it is found. By the turn of the 21st century, however, virtually all of it had been logged, paved or farmed into oblivion. Only about 3 percent of the original range still supports longleaf forest, and only about 10,000 acres of that is uncut old-growth-the rest is forest that has regrown after cutting. An estimated 100,000 of those acres are still vanishing every year. However, a quiet movement to reverse this trend is rippling across the region. Governments, private organisations (including NWF) and individual conservationists are looking for ways to protect and preserve the remaining longleaf and to plant new forests for future generations.

　　Figuring out how to bring back the piney woods also will allow biologists to help the plants and animals that depend on this habitat. Nearly two-thirds of the declining, threatened or endangered species in the southeastern United States are associated with longleaf. The outright destruction of longleaf is only part of their story, says Mark Danaher, the biologist for South Carolina’s Francis Marion National Forest. He says the demise of these animals and plants also is tied to a lack of fire, which once swept through the southern forests on a regular basis.”Fire is absolutely critical for this ecosystem and for the species that depend on it,”says Danaher.

　　Name just about any species that occurs in longleaf and you can find a connection to fire. Bach-man’s sparrow is a secretive bird with a beautiful song that echoes across the longleaf flat woods. It tucks its nest on the ground beneath clumps of wiregrass and little bluestem in the open under story, But once fire has been absent for several years, and a tangle of shrubs starts to grow, the sparrows disappear. Gopher tortoises, the only native land tortoises east of the Mississippi, are also abundant in longleaf. A keystone species for these forests, its burrows provide homes and safety to more than 300 species of vertebrates and invertebrates ranging from eastern diamondback rattlesnakes to gopher frogs, If fire is suppressed, however, the tortoises are choked out.”If we lose fire,”says Bob Mitchell, an ecologist at the Jones Center,”we lose wildlife.”

　　Without fire, we also lose longleaf. Fire knocks back the oaks and other woods that can grow up to overwhelm longleaf forests. They are fire forests,”Mitchell says: They evolved in the lightning capital of the eastern United States.”And it wasn’t only lightning strikes that set the forest aflame.”Native Americans also lit fires to keep the forest open,”Mitchell says.”So did the early pioneers. They helped create the longleaf pine forests that we know today.”

　　Fire also changes how nutrients flow throughout longleaf ecosystems, in ways we are just beginning to understand. For example, researchers have discovered that frequent fires provide extra calcium, which is critical for egg production, to endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers. Frances James, a retired avian ecologist from Florida State University, has studied these small black-and-white birds for more than two decades in Florida’s sprawling Apalachicola National Forest. When she realised female woodpeckers laid larger clutches in the first breeding season after their territories were burned, she and her colleagues went searching for answers.”We learned calcium is stashed away in woody shrubs when the forest is not burned,”James says.“But when there is a fire, a pulse of calcium moves down into the soil and up into the longleaf.”Eventually, this calcium makes its way up the food chain to a tree-dwelling species of ant, which is the red-cockaded’s favorite food. The result: more calcium for the birds, which leads to more eggs, more young and more woodpeckers.

　　Today, fire is used as a vital management tool for preserving both longleaf and its wildlife. Most of these fires are presc ribed burns, deliberately set with a drip torch. Although the public often opposes any type of fire-and the smoke that goes with it-these frequent, low-intensity burns reduce the risk of catastrophic conflagrations.”Forests are going to burn,”says Amadou Diop, NWF’s southern forests restoration manager.”Il’s just a question of when. With presc ribed burns, we can pick the time and the place.”

　　Diop is spearheading a new NWF effort to restore longleaf.”It’s a species we need to go back to, he says. Educating landowners about the advantages of growing longleaf is part of the program, he adds, which will soon be under way in nine southern states.”Right now, most longleaf is on public land,”says Jerry McCollum, president of the Georgia Wildlife Federation.”Private land is where we need to work,”he adds, pointing out that more than 90 percent of the acreage within the historic range of longleaf falls under this category.

　　Interest among private landowners is growing throughout the South, but restoring longleaf is not an easy task. The herbaceous layer-the understory of wiregrasses and other plants-also needs to be re-created. In areas where the land has not been chewed up by farming, but con-verted to loblolly or slash pine plantations, the seed bank of the longleaf forest usually remains viable beneath the soil. In time, this original vegetation can be coaxed back. Where agriculture has destroyed the seeds, however, wiregrass must be replanted. Right now, the expense is prohibitive, but researchers are searching for low-cost solutions.

　　Bringing back longleaf is not for the short-sighted, however. Few of us will be alive when the pines being planted today become mature forests in 70 to 80 years. But that is not stopping longleaf enthusiasts,”Today, it’s getting hard to find longleaf seedlings to buy,”one of the private landowners says.”Everyone wants them. Longleaf is in a resurgence.”

　　Passage 2

　　文章题材：说明文

　　文章题目：计算方式

　　文章难度：★★

　　文章内容：待补充

　　题型及数量：待补充

　　题目及答案：待补充

　　可参考真题：C12T5P3：What’s the purpose of gaining knowledge?

　　Passage 3

　　文章题材：说明文(社科研究)

　　文章题目：What do babies know?(婴儿知道什么?)

　　文章难度：★★★

　　文章内容：本文讨论了儿童认知的问题，作者论述了一系列研究来讨论儿童认知。

　　题型及数量：6判断题+5配对题+3选择题

　　题目及答案：

　　27. TRUE

　　28. NOT GIVEN

　　29. FALSE

　　30. NOT GIVEN

　　31. TRUE

　　32. FALSE

　　33. B

　　34. E

　　35. A

　　36. D

　　37. C

　　38. B

　　39. A

　　40. D

　　可参考真题：C10T2P2：Gifted children and learning

　　考试原文：

　　What Do Babies Know?

　　A As Daniel Haworth is settled into a high chair and wheeled behind a black sc reen, a sudden look of worry furrows his 9-month-old brow. His dark blue eyes dart left and right in search of the familiar reassurance of his mother's face. She calls his name and makes soothing noises, but Daniel senses something unusual is happening. He sucks his fingers for comfort, but, finding no solace, his month crumples, his body stiffens, and he lets rip an almighty shriek of distress. This is the usual expression when babies are left alone or abandoned. Mom picks him up, reassures him, and two minutes later, a chortling and alert Daniel returns to the darkened booth behind the sc reen and submits himself to baby lab, a unit set up in 2005 at the University of Manchester in northwest England to investigate how babies think.

　　B Watching infants piece life together, seeing their senses, emotions and motor skills take shape, is a source of mystery and endless fascination-at least to parents and developmental psychologist. We can decode their signals of distress or read a million messages into their first smile. But how much do we really know about what's going on behind those wide, innocent eyes? How much of their understanding of and response to the world comes preloaded at birth? How much

　　is built from sc ratch by experience? Such are the questions being explored at baby lab. Though the facility is just 18 months old and has tested only 100 infants, it's already challenging current thinking on what babies know and how they come to know it.

　　C Daniel is now engrossed in watching video clips of a red toy train on a circular track. The train disappears into a tunnel and emerges on the other side. A hidden device above the sc reen is tracking Daniel's eyes as they follow the train and measuring the diametre of his pupils 50 times a second. As the child gets bored-or ”habituated”, as psychologists call the process-his attention level steadily drops. But it picks up a little whenever some novelty is introduced. The train might be green, or it might be blue. And sometimes an impossible thing happens-the train goes into the tunnel one color and comes out another.

　　D Variations of experiments like this one, examining infant attention, have been a standard tool of developmental psychology ever since the Swiss pioneer of the field, Jean Piaget ,started experimenting on his children in the 1920s.Piaget's work led him to conclude that infants younger than 9 months have no innate knowledge of how the world works or any sense of "object permanence"(that people and things still exist even when they're not seen). Instead, babies must gradually construct this knowledge from experience. Piaget's "constructivist" theories were massively influential on postwar educators and psychologist, but over the past 20 years or

　　so they have been largely set aside by a new generation of "nativist" psychologists and cognitive scientists whose more sophisticated experiments led them to theorise that infants arrive already equipped with some knowledge of the physical world and even rudimentary programming for math and language. Baby lab director Sylvain Sirois has been putting these smart-baby theories through a rigorous set of tests. His conclusions so far tend to be more Piagetian:“Babies" he says, "know nothing."

　　E What Sirois and his postgraduate assistant Lain Jackson are challenging is the interpretation of a variety of classic experiments begun in the mid-1980s in which babies were shown physical events that appeared to violate such basic concepts as gravity, solidity and contiguity. In one such experiment, by University of Illinois psychologist Renee Baillargeon, a hinged wooden panel appeared to pass right through a box. Baillargeon and M.I.T's Elizabeth Spelke found that babies as young as 31/2 months would reliably look longer at the impossible event than at the

　　normal one. Their conclusion: babies have enough built-in knowledge to recognize that some-thing is wrong.

　　F Sirois does not take issue with the way these experiments were conducted. "The methods are correct and replicable," he says, "it's the interpretation that's the problem." In a critical review to be published in the forthcoming issue of the European Journal of Developmental Psychology, he and Jackson pour cold water over recent experiments that claim to have observed innate or precocious social cognition skills in infants. His own experiments indicate that a baby's fascination with physically impossible events merely reflects a response to stimuli that are novel. Data from the eye tracker and the measurement of the pupils(which widen in response to arousal or interest show that impossible events involving familiar objects are no more interesting than possible events involving novel objects. In other words, when Daniel had seen the red train come out of the tunnel green a few times, he gets as bored as when it stays the same color. The mistake of previous research, says Sirois, has been to leap to the conclusion that infants can understand the concept of impossibility from the mere fact that they are able to perceive some novelty in it. ”The real explanation is boring," he says.

　　G So how do babies bridge the gap between knowing squat and drawing triangles-a task Daniel's sister Lois,21/2, is happily tackling as she waits for her brother? "Babies have to learn everything, but as Piaget was saying, they start with a few primitive reflexes that get things going," said Sirois. For example, hardwired in the brain is an instinct that draws a baby's eyes to a human face. From brain imaging studies we also know that the brain has some sort of visual buffer that continues to represent objects after they have been removed-a lingering perception rather than conceptual understanding. So when babies encounter novel or unexpected events, Sirois explains, "there's a mismatch between the buffer and the information they're getting at that moment. And what you do when you've got a mismatch is you try to clear the buffer. And that takes attention." So learning, says Sirois, is essentially the laborious business of resolving mismatches. "The thing is, you can do a lot of it with this wet sticky thing called a brain. It's a fantastic, statistical-learning machine". Daniel, exams ended, picks up a plastic tiger and, chewing thoughtfully upon its heat, smiles as if to agree.

　　【写作】

　　TASK 1

　　题目：The bar chart below shows the number of visitors to the main attractions in a European country in 1981, 1991 and 2001.

　　类型：柱状图、动态图

　　考点/写作要点：

　　注意题目的改写：’in 1981、1991 and 200’ 一共二十年的时间，可以改写为20-year- period或者two decades.

　　时态要选用过去时+现在完成时

　　建议同学不要按照年份进行逐一描述，会使得文章结构松散，趋势变化不明显，无法突出重点;

　　可以把柱状图看作是线图进行描述，即在单个柱图的顶端画一个点，然后把每个点连接起来变成线图，用这个方法可以直观的看到数据的上升/下降/不变的趋势;

　　首先可以从人数最多的central amusement park开始描述其二十年的趋势;

　　呈上升趋势的：national park; national gallery (每十年就几乎又一倍的增长);

　　呈下降趋势的：science park;

　　无明显趋势变化：central zoo

　　范文：

　　The bar charts give information about how many travelers have visited five tourist destinations in a European country and how this number has changed in two decades.

　　It is noticeable that Central amusement park was the most attractive tourist spot with 25 million people visiting in 1981. Though this figure dropped to 20 million in 1991, it reclined to 22 million a decade later. Another noticeable finding is that in one decade (1981-1991), the number of people visiting the National Park witnessed a dramatical increase from 10 million to 15 million. This climb slowed down in the next decade with an increase of only 2 million people.

　　A similar trend has been found in the increase of travelers to the National Gallery. In 1981, only 7 million people chose to visit that attraction. However, this figure was almost doubled in 10-years’ time. It continued to grow under the similar speed, in 2001, more than 20 million people have visited the National Gallery.

　　The figure has shown little change in the Science Park. In 1981, only 7 million people have visited that place. After experiencing a slight increase, the number continued to drop and reached 6 million in 2001. Similarly, the figure for Central Zoo remained stable, with just 5 million of visitors going there for two decades, which makes it the least attractive tourist spot for people.

　　(227 words)

　　TASK 2

　　In some countries, people waste a lot of food which is bought in shops and restaurants. What do you think are the reasons? What can be done to solve this problem?

　　Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

　　机经版本：

　　题目类型：报告类

　　话题：社会类

　　TA/TR(key words)：

　　思路/提纲：

浪费食物的原因	解决浪费的办法
生活水平提升，人们买食物比较随意	政府加强监管惩罚力度
全球化，网购广告等诱 惑人们大量购买食物	提升人们节约食物的意识

　　范文：

　　In the current society, with the improving life standard, diet has become a hot topic discussed among citizens who attach importance to what they are going to eat. As a byproduct of this circumstance, the great amount of wasted food has been an top concern around the world.

　　No one can deny why the waste of food is enormous is because people having more money than before are prone to buy more food based on their preference instead of their real needs; as a result, lots of food cannot be consumed, and the exceeded expense would be one of the main reasons. Meanwhile, taking the globalization into consideration, the whole world is merging, which means that various products from different areas can be brought to everyone's life by using online shopping, and the sale promotion and advertisements used by the manufacturers are crammed into our daily life; therefore, the increasing temptations and convenience motivate individuals' curiosity to place order repetitively even they do not need, which gradually forms a habit of wasting.

　　However, there is the fact that food is the treasure and is worth to cherishing, so that everyone has the responsibility to save the food. Government, as the maker of all the rules in the society, can formulate the strict principles and implement seriously to prevent people from wasting food, such as improving the supervising system and rising the fine. Besides, compared with the punishment, the prevention shouldn't be ignored. Increasing the awareness of saving food in the society can also contribute to help people to build a right concept of consumption, which can be an effective way to solve the problem from its origin.

　　In conclusion, although the better life offers people more opportunities to experience new and attractive things, we do need to maintain some good traditions, and the importance of saving food should be noticed.

2019年1月17日雅思机经真题回忆.doc

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