如何避免口语化|口语技能:如何避免和老外交谈时冷场

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How To Keep A Conversation Going In English
英语中如何维持对谈

It is often difficult to keep a conversation going in any language. During most of our daily interactions with people, we engage in small talk. Small talk is a short, polite conversation about casual topics such as how your family is, the weather, or current sports news. As language learners, these are the first type of conversations we learn because the questions are easy to form, and we can learn a little about another person.
对于任何语言来说要维持对谈并不容易。在我们平时和别人的接触中，我们会寒暄。寒暄时间很短，礼貌的对谈会聊一些家庭情况、天气，或者体育新闻。作为学语言的，这些是我们应该学习的第一种对谈话题，因为对我们来说谈话问题很容易组织，也可以从对话中了解对方。

A great way to begin a longer conversation is to ask questions about the person you are talking to. Everybody likes talking about their own experiences, opinions, and thoughts, so asking questions can allow a longer conversation. Maintaining a conversation in a new language is not easy, but with these tools you can gain confidence in knowing how to express yourself thoroughly.
要想开启一次比较长的对谈，是对对方进行提问。每个人都喜欢聊自己的经历、看法和观点，所以提一些这方面的问题就可以把对话拉长。要用外语保持对谈不容易，但是使用这些技巧你就能获得自信，也可以充分表现自己。

Start a longer conversation
开启一次长对话

The best way to show that you want to start a longer conversation is to ask open-ended questions. Open-ended questions have to be answered with more than one word and allow the other person to talk longer.

开启长对话的方式是提一些开放式问题，这些问题要回答不是一两个字就能结束的，这样对方就能聊得久一些。
What do you think about ____?
你觉得……怎么样？
Have you heard about ____? (If they answer “Yes”:) What do you think?
你有没有听说过……？（如果他们回答是的话）你觉得呢？
What do you like about ___?
你为什么喜欢……？
How have you liked living in ___?
你觉得住在这里怎么样？

Example:
例子：
Jane: “What are you doing this weekend?”
Max: “I don’t know yet. You?”
Jane: “I’m going to the museum. Have you heard about the new photography exhibit?”
Max: “Yes I have.”
Jane: “What do you think about photography?”
Max: “I think it can be a beautiful form of art, especially in blank and white. I like to practice photography myself in my spare time.”

Jane: 你这周末做什么？
Max：还不知道呢？你呢？
Jane: 我去博物馆，有没有听说过新的摄影展？
Max：对啊我听说了
Jane：你觉得摄影怎么样？
Max：我觉得是一种很精美的艺术形式。尤其黑白照片。我喜欢在业余的时间拍照。

Follow-up Questions and Comments:
随后的问题和评论：

Follow a prior question with another question or comment to continue the conversation.
对之前的问题进一步提问或者对之前的对话作评论

What do you mean?
怎么讲？
Why ___? (For example: Why did that happen? Why do you think so?)
为什么……？（比如：怎么会发生的？你为什么这么觉得？—）
How ___? ( For example: How did you like it? How was it?)
怎么样……？（比如：你为什么喜欢这样？那个怎么样？）
Interesting! Tell me more.
有意思！再说说详情。
What happened next?
接下来怎么样了？
What did you like/not like about it?
你喜欢什么，不喜欢什么？

Example:
例子：
Jane: “I went to the health conference yesterday and it was so surprising!”
Max: “What do you mean?”
Jane: “This year all of the current health recommendations have been changed. Everything is so different and dieticians don’t know what to do about it.”
Max: “Interesting! Tell me more.”
Jane: “Dieticians have been giving the same health advice for decades, but now they have to change their thinking.”
Jane:昨天我去了健康论坛，挺让我惊讶的！
Max:怎么说？
Jane：今年所有的关于健康方面的建议都有改动。每个人的观点很不同，而且营养师都不知道要怎么办了。
Max:这么有意思！详细怎么说？
Jane:营养师几十年来给出的建议如出一辙。但是现在他们的想法正在变革。

Phrases to show acknowledgement
一些表示赞同的短语

Use these to show interest in what the other person is saying and to let the person know you are listening as he or she speaks.
用这些短语表示你对对法说的话感兴趣，让对法知道你在倾听。
Oh, wow.哦哇！
Really?!真的？！
That’s interesting / crazy / funny / weird.
这很有趣，疯狂，好笑，怪。
I didn’t know that!
我不知道呀！
Cool!赞！
No way! 不是吧！
Oh, no! 不！
Right. (This means “I agree/acknowledge what you are saying”)
对（这表示赞同，同意之前的*）
That sounds fun / cool / interesting.
听上去有趣，赞，好玩。

Example 1:
例子1：
Jane: “I was driving down the street when all of a sudden a deer ran in front of my car…”
Max: “Oh, no!”
Jane: “…But, luckily, I swerved in time to miss it.”
Jane: 我昨天在街上开车突然一只鹿冲到我的车前……
Max:不是吧！
Jane:不过很幸运我突然转弯躲过了。
Example 2:
例子2：
Max: “I went to the U2 concert yesterday…”
Jane: “No way!”
Max: “…and it was the best concert I have ever been to!”
Max:我昨天去了U2的演唱会。
Jane:不是吧！
Max：是我去过的最赞的演唱会！

Phrases to politely oppose a viewpoint
一些礼貌性表示不赞同的词组

When you want to express a different opinion or experience without offending the other person use the phrases below.
当你想表示不同的观点，但又不想冒犯对法，下面是这些可以用的词组
I see what you mean, but I think ___.
我知道你的意思，但我认为……
In my experience ___.
从我的经历来看……
For me ___. (talk about an opposing experience)
对我来说……（聊起自己不同的经历）

Example 1:
例子1：
Max: “I went to DelPino’s Restaurant, but I didn’t like it.”
Jane: “In my experience it was great. What was wrong with your dinner?”
Max:我昨天去了DelPino’s饭店，但我不喜欢。
Jane:我去过觉得挺不错的，你的晚餐出什么问题了？
Example 2:
例子2：
Sue: “I love going to the Caribbean for winter vacation.”
Joe: “For me, going to the mountains is so much more fun.”
Sue:我喜欢在冬天度假的时候去加勒比。
Joe：对我来说去山里面度假更有趣。

Change the subject
转换话题

Use these phrases when you want to change the conversation or go back to prior information.
Before, you mentioned ___. What did you mean? (Something that was said earlier in the conversation)
Can you tell me more about ___?
That reminds me of ___. (a past experience, something that happened, a news
story, a person, etc.)
Speaking of ___. (Insert the main topic of the conversation and add your
story/opinion)
There’s something else I wanted to ask you.
I know this is changing the subject, but ___. (Add a comment or question)
用这些词组来转换话题，或者回到之前的话题。
之前，你提到……怎么说？（之前提到过的话题）
你可以在多谈谈……？
这让我想到了……（过去的经历，之前发生过，一则新闻故事，一个人等）
谈到……（插入主要话题，加入自己的看法或者故事）
我还想聊聊别的。
我知道这是转换话题，不过……（加入评论或者问题）

Example 1:
例子1：
Matt: “Going on vacation in the winter is much nicer than going in the summer because there are not as many tourists.”
John: “Speaking of vacations, we’re going to Mexico next month!”
Matt: 冬天去旅行比夏天更有意思因为旅客不多。
John:谈及度假，我们下个星期去墨西哥！

Example 2:
例子2：
Max: “I just watched the movie Frozen with my kids.”
Sue: “Speaking of that movie, I’m reading a biography about Walt Disney.”
Max: 昨天和我的孩子一起看了冰雪奇缘。
Sue:谈起那部电影，我正在读华特迪斯尼的自传呢。
Example 3:
例子3：
Jane: “My day has been so busy so far. I’ve gone to school, the mall, the library, and the grocery store…”
Steve: “I know this is changing the subject, but I just watched the cooking channel last night, and now I’m so inspired to cook something new. Do you watch that channel?”
Jane:最近我好忙。我去了学校，商场，图书馆，杂货店……“
Steve:我知道这是在转换话题，不过我昨晚刚看了美食频道，现在我真的好想去买点东西自己烧菜。你看过那个频道吗？

How to end the conversation
如何结束这次谈话

To kindly end the conversation, mix a phrase from group A with a phrase from group B below.
愉快地结束谈话，请将A组和B组的词组混用。
Group A
A组
I have to go now.
我现在要走了
I have to run. (This means, “I have to go”)
我要走了
I’m going to go now.
我要走了

Group B
B组
It was great talking to you.
跟你聊天很高兴。
I’m glad I ran into you.
很高兴遇到你。
I hope to see you soon.
希望再次见到你。
It was nice to meet you.
很高兴遇见你。
It was great seeing you.
很高兴见到你
Example 1:
例子1：
Joan: I have to go now. I hope to see you soon!
Max: See you soon!
Joan:我现在要走了。希望很快能见到你！
Max:下次再见。

Example 2:
例子2：
Beth: I have to run. I’m glad I ran into you!
Pam: It was great seeing you again!
Beth:我要走了。很高兴遇到你！
Pam:很高兴再次见到你！
As you have read, there are many phrases and questions here to help you keep a conversation going. Don’t get overwhelmed by trying to remember them all at once! Choose one phrase or question from each section and begin to use it daily. When you are comfortable, choose another to practice.
读了之后，一定学到了许多词组和问题帮助你维持对谈。不过别担心一次就记住所有的词组！每个部分选择一个词组和问题，每天使用以下。当你觉得用得习惯了，选另一个词组练习下。
Starting and maintaining a conversation in any language can be difficult, especially when it is not your native language. With the right tools, you can learn how to express yourself and begin to confidently hold longer conversations in English.
用任何一种语言开始和保持谈话都是不容易的，尤其这种语言不是你的母语。但是如果诀窍正确，你可以尽情表现自己，自信心满满地用英语长时间交流。

口语技能:如何避免和老外交谈时冷场.doc

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