【#新概念英语# 导语】新概念英语作为家喻户晓的经典之作,它有着全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容及其全面的技能训练,为广大的英语学习者提供帮助!如果你也想学好英语,又怎能错过新概念英语?下面®文档大全网为您提供了相关内容,希望对您有所帮助!
新概念英语第2册Lesson61语法知识点
将来完成进行时(The future perfect progressive tense)与其他形式的将来时
将来完成进行时的构成: will have been+现在分词
(1)在第13课的语法中,我们学习了将来进行时。它表示将来某个时候正在进行的动作或表示计划好的事。它不像一般将来时中的will,不表达“蓄意为之”的含义,只陈述将来的事实:
They will be arriving here tomorrow.
他们明天就要到达此地。
在第37课的语法中,我们学习了将来完成时。它用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作,必须和某个时间状语连用:
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好。
(2)将来完成进行时表示某种状况一直持续到说话人所提及的时间:
By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years.
到下星期此刻,我就已经为这家公司工作了20年了。
在时间状语从句中,要用现在完成时代替将来完成时(cf.第60课语法):
Have you been writing books for long?
你写书已经很长时间了吗?(现在完成进行时,表示现在仍在写)
By the time I've completed this one,I'll have been writing for six years.
到我写完这本书时,我将已经写了6年书了。(时间状语从句中用现在完成时,主句用将来完成进行时)
新概念英语第2册Lesson62语法知识点
1.过去完成进行时 (The past perfect progressive tense)
构成: had been+现在分词
(1)过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有before, for, since, all day等:
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
(2)过去完成进行时可用来表示过去经常重复的动作:
Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.
吉尔生气了。整整一星期,吉姆天天晚上都给她打电话。
(3)它还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论:
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.
她的眼睛红了。显然她刚哭过。
(4)在包含间接引语的句子中,如果引述词是过去时态,则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时(cf.第15课语法):
What was Tom's excuse for being late last night?
汤姆说他昨晚迟到的理由是什么?
He said he'd been making phone calls.
他说他一直在打电话。
2.过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较
过去完成时在第14课与第38课的语法中已经学过。它与过去完成进行时有时可以替换使用:
Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.
我第一次遇见丹时,他已在该公司干了15年了。
需要表示某个工作已经完成时,只能用过去完成时:
When I got home, I found that Jill had been painting her room.
我回到家时,看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。(工作尚未完成)
When I got home, I found that Jill had painted her room.
我回到家时,发现吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。(已完成)
When I arrived, they'd already put the fire out.
我到达时,他们已经把火扑灭了。(不可用过去完成进行时)
新概念英语第2册Lesson63语法知识点
间接引语:祈使句的转述
(1)在第15课与第39课的语法中,我们分别学习了陈述句和疑问句变为间接引语的情况,它们基本上都是引述词(say, tell 等)+(间接宾语)+从句:
He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
他告诉我,公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支。(间接陈述句)
He asked if Mr. Gilbert's operation had been successful.
他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功。(间接疑问句)
(2)祈使句的情况有所不同。表示命令、请求、建议的祈使句通常可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述。常用的这类动词有
advise, ask, tell, order, command, warn, invite等,这些动词后往往有间接宾语:
"Remeber to turn off all the lights"she said.
她说:“记着把所有的灯关掉。”
She reminded / told me to turn off all the light.
她提醒/告诉我把所有的灯关掉。
转述这类祈使句的否定形式时,必须将not放在带to的不定式之前:
I advise you not to buy her anything.
我建议你别给她买任何东西。
(3)动词suggest和insist用于转述建议、要求时,其结构为suggest/insist+that从句(用should):
Why don't they sell the flat?
他们为什么不把那套房子卖掉?
He suggests that they should sell the flat.I hope they won't sell the flat.
他建议他们把那套房子卖掉。我希望他们不把那套房子卖掉。(suggest后面的that可省略;不论suggest是现在时还是过去时,后面都用should)