新概念英语第二册lesson56-新概念英语第2册Lesson56~58语法知识点

副标题:新概念英语第2册Lesson56~58语法知识点

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新概念英语第2册Lesson56语法知识点


  1.使用the same as和different from的比较结构


  在第32课的语法中,我们学习了用as... as和not so/as...as表示比较;在第8课的语法中,我们学习了形容词和副词的比较级和级的构成及用法:


  Are you as strong as John.


  你和约翰一样强壮吗?


  I don't think so.I think John's a little stonger than me.


  我想不一样。我认为约翰比我要稍微更强壮些。(注意比较级前可加much,far,a lot,alittle等修饰语)


  表示比较的另外两种方法是用短语the same(...)as 和different from.the same(...)as 表示“与...相同/同样”:


  Our TV is the same as yours.


  我们的电视和你们的一样。


  You've made the same mistake as Tom.


  你和汤姆犯了同样的错误。


  有时the same可以单独使用,不带as:


  Those two dresses are the same.


  那两件衣服一样。


  different from 表示“与...不同”,different前面可加very,much,a little等修饰语:


  We're planning something different this year from waht we did last year.


  我们今年计划做些与去年不同的事。


  German cars are quite different from Japanese cars.


  德国(造的)汽车与日本(造)的很不一样。


  2. much与many的其他表达方式


  在第32课的语法中,我们学习了little和few的用法,知道在口语中多用not much , not many代替;


  There isn't much sugar/aren't many sweets,but you can have a little/few.


  糖/糖果不多了,不过你可以来一点/吃几块。


  (1)much和many通常用于否定句和疑问句(正式文体除外)。在日常谈话中,我们通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many,而用别的数量词。口语中用得最多的表示“许多”的数量词是a lot of(常被认为不宜用在正式的场合),它既可以与复数可数名词连用也可以与不可数名词连用,后而的动词用单数还是复数取决于名词:


  A lot of time is needed to do this work.


  做这项工作需要很多时间。


  A lot of books have been stolen.


  许多书被盗了。


  比a lot of正式一些的表达方式有:a great/good deal of+不可数名词,a great/good/large number of+复数名词,a great/good many of+复数名词。


  A great/good deal of money is spent on food.


  在食物上花了很多钱。


  A great/good number of our students are Americans.


  我们的学生中有许多是美国人。


  Tom doesn't read much,but Ian reads a great deal/a lot.


  汤姆读书不多,但伊恩读得很多。


  (2)在waht引导的感叹句中不用much/many:


  What a lot of sweets Tom's bought!


  汤姆买了这么多糖果!


  Yes, he's bought many more than he did yesterday.


  是的,他比昨天买得多得多。




新概念英语第2册Lesson57语法知识点


  用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with


  在第9课的语法中,我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中,我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词,如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。


  (1)在表示地点和位置时,说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等,而in则表示里面或包围的含义:


  I stopped at London on the way to New York.


  去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。(伦敦是途中的一个点)


  I live in London.


  我住在伦敦。(伦敦“包围着”他)


  We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.


  我们今天下午在电*见了面。他在售票处附近等我。


  We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.


  我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。


  (2)off常与动词连用,表示位置的变化,即“与……分离”,可译为“脱掉”、“脱落”等,其反义词为on:


  The handle of my suitcase has come off.


  我手提箱的提手掉下来了。


  He took the cup off the shelf.


  他把杯子从架上拿了下来。


  (3)描写人时,in通常用于表示穿着,with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么:


  Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.


  昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。


  John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?


  约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊,是不是?


  He looks handsome in anything!


  他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊!


  The man with a beard over there is Sam.


  那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。


  The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.


  警方说他们正在寻找的那位妇女有一个红色的手提包/一头红发。


  There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!


  那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女!


  A child came along with a brown dog.


  一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。




新概念英语第2册Lesson58语法知识点


  被动语态


  (1)在第34课的语法中,我们讲过如果说话人想避免用不明确的词(如someone, a person等)作主语,就常常使用被动语态:


  Mary was told to meet us.


  玛丽被告知来接我们。


  The window has been mended.


  窗子已被修好。


  (2)如果我们需要把话说得谨慎些或“保险”些,也可以用被动语态。主动语态往往表示对事实确有把握:


  Debbie Hart swam across the English Channel when she was a girl.


  黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。


  如果这句话用 It is said that…结构表达,则说话者的把握就小了一些。用于这种被动语态的动词除了say之外,还有believe, know, find, fear, think等:


  It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train crash.


  在这次列车事故中,恐怕有不少人丧生。


  It is said that there is a great deal of oil in Africa.


  据说非洲有大量的石油。


  It is said that Dan is the most intelligent student in his class.


  据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。


  除It is said that…这种结构外,上面的句子还可以变成另一种形式的被动句,其意义不变。它的结构为There/名词主语/代词主语+被动语态+带to的不定式:


  There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa.


  据说非洲有大量石油。


  Debbie Hart is said to have swum across the English Channel when she was a girl.


  据说黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。


  Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class.


  据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。


  后一种结构在口语中更常用,因为它更简洁:


  They say that church's old.


  人们说那座教堂年岁久远。


  It's not as old as it's said to be.


  它并不像人们所说约那么古老。


  (3)在第34课的语法中我们讲过,动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态,也可以在不定式中用被动语态:


  They told Mary meet us.


  他们让玛丽接我们。(主语不明确)


  Mary was told to meet us.


  玛丽被告知去接我们。


  (4)在另一种句型即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中,这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。不过,由于间接宾语通常是人,所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些:


  The film gave Sam a gold watch.


  那家公司赠给萨姆一块金表。


  San was given a gold watch.


  萨姆被赠给一块金表。(间接宾语为主语)


  A gold watch was given to Sam.


  一块金表被赠给萨姆。(直接宾语为主语)


新概念英语第2册Lesson56~58语法知识点.doc

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