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新概念英语第2册Lesson56语法知识点
1.使用the same as和different from的比较结构
在第32课的语法中,我们学习了用as... as和not so/as...as表示比较;在第8课的语法中,我们学习了形容词和副词的比较级和级的构成及用法:
Are you as strong as John.
你和约翰一样强壮吗?
I don't think so.I think John's a little stonger than me.
我想不一样。我认为约翰比我要稍微更强壮些。(注意比较级前可加much,far,a lot,alittle等修饰语)
表示比较的另外两种方法是用短语the same(...)as 和different from.the same(...)as 表示“与...相同/同样”:
Our TV is the same as yours.
我们的电视和你们的一样。
You've made the same mistake as Tom.
你和汤姆犯了同样的错误。
有时the same可以单独使用,不带as:
Those two dresses are the same.
那两件衣服一样。
different from 表示“与...不同”,different前面可加very,much,a little等修饰语:
We're planning something different this year from waht we did last year.
我们今年计划做些与去年不同的事。
German cars are quite different from Japanese cars.
德国(造的)汽车与日本(造)的很不一样。
2. much与many的其他表达方式
在第32课的语法中,我们学习了little和few的用法,知道在口语中多用not much , not many代替;
There isn't much sugar/aren't many sweets,but you can have a little/few.
糖/糖果不多了,不过你可以来一点/吃几块。
(1)much和many通常用于否定句和疑问句(正式文体除外)。在日常谈话中,我们通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many,而用别的数量词。口语中用得最多的表示“许多”的数量词是a lot of(常被认为不宜用在正式的场合),它既可以与复数可数名词连用也可以与不可数名词连用,后而的动词用单数还是复数取决于名词:
A lot of time is needed to do this work.
做这项工作需要很多时间。
A lot of books have been stolen.
许多书被盗了。
比a lot of正式一些的表达方式有:a great/good deal of+不可数名词,a great/good/large number of+复数名词,a great/good many of+复数名词。
A great/good deal of money is spent on food.
在食物上花了很多钱。
A great/good number of our students are Americans.
我们的学生中有许多是美国人。
Tom doesn't read much,but Ian reads a great deal/a lot.
汤姆读书不多,但伊恩读得很多。
(2)在waht引导的感叹句中不用much/many:
What a lot of sweets Tom's bought!
汤姆买了这么多糖果!
Yes, he's bought many more than he did yesterday.
是的,他比昨天买得多得多。
新概念英语第2册Lesson57语法知识点
用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with
在第9课的语法中,我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中,我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词,如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
(1)在表示地点和位置时,说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等,而in则表示里面或包围的含义:
I stopped at London on the way to New York.
去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。(伦敦是途中的一个点)
I live in London.
我住在伦敦。(伦敦“包围着”他)
We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
我们今天下午在电*见了面。他在售票处附近等我。
We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。
(2)off常与动词连用,表示位置的变化,即“与……分离”,可译为“脱掉”、“脱落”等,其反义词为on:
The handle of my suitcase has come off.
我手提箱的提手掉下来了。
He took the cup off the shelf.
他把杯子从架上拿了下来。
(3)描写人时,in通常用于表示穿着,with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么:
Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊,是不是?
He looks handsome in anything!
他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊!
The man with a beard over there is Sam.
那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。
The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
警方说他们正在寻找的那位妇女有一个红色的手提包/一头红发。
There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女!
A child came along with a brown dog.
一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。
新概念英语第2册Lesson58语法知识点
被动语态
(1)在第34课的语法中,我们讲过如果说话人想避免用不明确的词(如someone, a person等)作主语,就常常使用被动语态:
Mary was told to meet us.
玛丽被告知来接我们。
The window has been mended.
窗子已被修好。
(2)如果我们需要把话说得谨慎些或“保险”些,也可以用被动语态。主动语态往往表示对事实确有把握:
Debbie Hart swam across the English Channel when she was a girl.
黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。
如果这句话用 It is said that…结构表达,则说话者的把握就小了一些。用于这种被动语态的动词除了say之外,还有believe, know, find, fear, think等:
It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train crash.
在这次列车事故中,恐怕有不少人丧生。
It is said that there is a great deal of oil in Africa.
据说非洲有大量的石油。
It is said that Dan is the most intelligent student in his class.
据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。
除It is said that…这种结构外,上面的句子还可以变成另一种形式的被动句,其意义不变。它的结构为There/名词主语/代词主语+被动语态+带to的不定式:
There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa.
据说非洲有大量石油。
Debbie Hart is said to have swum across the English Channel when she was a girl.
据说黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。
Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class.
据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。
后一种结构在口语中更常用,因为它更简洁:
They say that church's old.
人们说那座教堂年岁久远。
It's not as old as it's said to be.
它并不像人们所说约那么古老。
(3)在第34课的语法中我们讲过,动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态,也可以在不定式中用被动语态:
They told Mary meet us.
他们让玛丽接我们。(主语不明确)
Mary was told to meet us.
玛丽被告知去接我们。
(4)在另一种句型即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中,这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。不过,由于间接宾语通常是人,所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些:
The film gave Sam a gold watch.
那家公司赠给萨姆一块金表。
San was given a gold watch.
萨姆被赠给一块金表。(间接宾语为主语)
A gold watch was given to Sam.
一块金表被赠给萨姆。(直接宾语为主语)
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