介词的用法辨析

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介词的用法辨析



时间或地点介词inonat的用法区别:

表示时间时:in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),

on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;

表示地点时:in表示在某个范围之内,

on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触, at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。

如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/

I usually get up at 700 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ ?

He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院)



afterin表示时间的用法区别:

after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在时刻之后”常用于一般时态; in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。

如:He said that he would be here after 600.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/

My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)

sincefor表示时间的用法区别:

since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从起一直到现在”,

!



for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有之久”,都常用于完成时态;

如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/

Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年)



byinwith表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”

by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者; in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。 如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/

Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/

Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)

?

abouton的用法区别:都可以表示“有关

about的意义比较广,on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)

如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/

They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)

throughacrossover的用法区别:

through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林);着重于穿越,强调从一定的空间内穿过 across着重于从一头或一边到另一头或另一边,强调从表面穿过。 over多表示从上方越过 past表示从面前经过 ]

如:Just then a rat ()ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/

There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/

They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园) Someone has just gone past the window.

(7)aslike的区别:两个词都表示“像……,

as译为“作为……,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实


like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。

如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) /

Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)

#

(8)at the end ofby the end ofto the endin the end的用法区别:

at the end of…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在末;在尽头”,常与过去时连用; by the end of…只能表示时间,译为“在前;到为止”,常用于过去完成时; in the endat last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时;

to the end译为“到的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。

: By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/

At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/

They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/

In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/

^



We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/

Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)



(9)for a momentfor the momentin a momentat the moment的区别:

for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用; for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;

in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时; at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。 如:Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/

Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!) !

I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)



(10)but的问题:

用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do,后面的动词要加to

如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) /

They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)

(11)in front of in the front of

in front of“在的前面”, in the front of“在的前部” ·

如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/

In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台)

(12) exceptbesides的区别:

except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅…………。如:

Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫) Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)



(13) 动作介词totoward的用法辨析

介词to表示向某处移动,介词toward 表示移向某处,

如:They were driving to work together. We're moving toward the light.


(15)材料介词offrom的用法

of用于成品与材料的性质不变时, 如:The desk is made of wood. from用于成品与材料的性质已变时, 如:Wine is made from grapes.

(16)表示的介词inwithby的用法辨析

in表示用材料、语言 如:Can you say it in English with表示用工具、某物 如:with a pen

by表示用、以、靠、通过方法 如:He prefers traveling by car.

(17)介词betweenamong的用法辨析 ~

between 表示在两者之间 如:Don’t sit between the two girls.

among表示当中(三者或以上) 如:They lived among the mountains in the past.

(18)时间介词duringfor的用法辨析

当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during 如:He swims every day during the summer. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for 如:I haven’t seen her for years.

(19)时间介词beforeby的用法辨析

before表示之前如:He won’t come back before five .

by表示时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday. 方位介词across,throughover,past的用法辨析

介词across着重于从一头或一边到另一头或另一边,强调从表面穿过。 如:She went across the street to make some purchases. 介词through着重于穿越,强调从一定的空间内穿过。 如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

介词over多表示从上方越过,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it. 介词past表示从面前经过,如:Someone has just gone past the window.


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