if与whether

时间:2023-02-25 01:01:22 阅读: 最新文章 文档下载
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If whether 的区别

一、whetherif都可以用作连词,引导一个名词性从句,表示是否whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。

1.引导宾语从句既可以用whether,也可以用if,两者常可以互换。whether从正反两个方面提出疑问,选择意义较强,多用于正式文体中;而if多用于口语,比较强调单方面,如: He asked me whether / if I could lend him my bike.

Could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in Australia? I want to know whether / if you can come or not.

She asked them whether / if they had gone there by car or by train.

值得注意的是:

whether if都可以和or not连用,但是whether之后可以直接跟or not,而if则不能,如:

I don’t care whether or not your car breaks down. I don’t know whether or not he’s coming. 但是不可以说:

I don’t care if or not your car breaks down.

whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构,如:

I don’t care if she doesn’t come. I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.

但是,在某些动词或形容词之后,则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子,这种结构往往表示肯定的含义,如:

I wonder whether he doesn’t think too much of himself. 其意思相当于:I think he does think too much of himself.

在个别动词之后,如discuss 等,只跟用whether引导的宾语从句,如: They discussed whether they should close the shop. We discussed whether Mary could join us.

whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如: I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.

It depends on whether we have got enough money.

whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能,如: I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.

He was wondering whether to go home or stay at school.

2.引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether,不用if,如: Whether it is true remains a problem.

Whether he can stay with us is another matter. Whether he will come, I am not sure. Whether or not he did it, I cannot tell.


3.引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如: The question is whether you should accept it.

The question is whether he will speak at the meeting.

4.引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如:

The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is essential. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.

二、whether 还可以引导让步状语从句,意为不管;无论;而if则不能引导这种从句,如: I shall tell her about it whether you agree or not.

Whether or not the figures are accurate, we have to recheck them. Whether or not we had a baby, we could not survive just on my salary.

三、if还可以引导条件状语从句,意为如果;假如,而whether则不能引导这种从句,如: We shall do this experiment if we have time. 四、如果在从句中使用if表示“是否”容易与表示条件的状语从句混淆时,应注意避免使用if例如:Please let us know if they are coming. 这句话可以理解为“如果他们要来,请通知我们一下。”也可以理解为“请告诉我们,他们是否要来。”若表示后一层意思,应当使用,以免引起误会

另:

一、ifwhether引导宾语从句时,作是否讲,常放在动词ask see say knowfind out等后面。一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。如:

二、ifwhether引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态。 1 ifwhether不能和that 其它连词(副词)同时使用,也不能省去。

2 ifwhether引导的宾语从句时,虽具有疑问意义,但从句语序应用陈述句语序。

3 ifwhether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。 三、ifwhether的区别:

1 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 2 whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。 3 在介词后,只能用whether

4宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether

5if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如用whether可避免歧义。




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