2.whether和if的区别: 引导动词后面的宾语从句时,一般情况下二者可以通用;引导形容词后面的宾语从句时, 二者可以通用(如:He is not sure whether/if it is right or wrong.)。但是以下 几种情况只能使用whether而不能使用if: A)引导主语从句时:Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. 注意:如果使用it作形式主语,则whether和if都能引导主语从句。如: It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting. B) 引导表语从句时:The question is whether the film is worth seeing. C) 引导同位语从句时:Please answer my question whether you are coming. D)引导动词后面的宾语从句置于句首时:Whether she is married I don’t know. E) 引导动词后面的宾语从句表示选择概念时: 1) He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on. 2) He wondered whether he should go there by air or by sea. F)引导动词后的宾语从句,后面紧接or not时:He asked me whether or not I would come. 注意:当or not置于句末时,也可使用if。如:He asked me whether/if I would come or not. 当宾语从句是否定句时,要用if,而不能使用whether。如:He asked me if I wouldn’t come. G) 引导discuss后面的宾语从句时:They discussed whether John could attend the meeting. H) 引导介词后面的宾语从句时:It all depends on whether they will support us. I) 后接动词不定式作宾语时:He doesn’t know whether to stay (or not). J) 为了避免与表示条件的if重复或为了避免产生歧义时,常使用whether: 1) He asked whether, if I got the job, I’d move to Beijing. 2) Please let me know if you like it. 该句可译为“请告诉我你是否喜欢。”或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。” 如果使用whether就可以避免产生歧义。 注意:whether可以引导让步状语从句,意为“不论是否…,不管是…还是…”。例如: Whether I am busy or not, I shall spare no effort to learn English well. 3. 疑问词与关系词的区别: A) 疑问词引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;关系词引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义, 相当于一个名词或代词后加一个定语从句。注意以下关系词引导的名词性从句: 1) What he said proved to be right. 他所说的后来证明是对的。 2)He is no longer what he was five years ago.他已不再是五年前的样子了。 3)The morning is when I’m busiest. 早上是我最忙的时候。 4) This is where I disagree.这一点是我所不同意的。 5) The coat is where you left it.大衣还在你原来放的地方。 6) That’s how I look at it.这是我对这个问题的看法。 7) That’s why I object to the plan.这就是我反对这个计划的原因。 B) 各疑问词之间的区别以及各关系词之间的区别主要在于两个方面: 11 一是分析句子结构,判断它们在从句中所作的成分,二是分清它们在句中的含义(疑问代词和关系代词在从句中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语,而疑问副词和关系副词在从句中主要用作状语或表语)。 C) 关系词what, when, where, how与whatever, whenever, wherever, however之间的区别:二者用法基本相同,后者比前者语气更强一些。例如: 1) This is exactly what I want. 这正是我想要的。 2) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/4d7c061010a6f524ccbf859b.html