九种动词主动表示被动的情况

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九种动词主动表示被动含义的用法

1 Need want require(要求,需要) deserve(应得,值得) be worth值得)not bear(不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。

The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。

These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。

Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut)你的头发该剪了。

2 不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(work有动宾关系,I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)

He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。(family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)

3 不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式; +宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如 difficult easy comfortable(舒适的) convenient(便利的,方便的) hardcheap expensive 等,不定式用主动表被动。

The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。

I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。

4 be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:

Who is to blame for starting the fire 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let.此房出租。

A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。

5 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来) sound (起来) prove(证明是) feel(摸上去感到) look(看起来)smell(闻起来)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。

6 一些与cant(不能)wont(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住) shut(关上) open(打开) act(上演) write()cut(砍,切)wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如:

The door wont open.这门打不开。 It cant move.它不能动。

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7 一些动词如sell(销售) wash() clean(打扫) burn(燃烧) cook()等与副词如well() easily(容易地) perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如: The book sells well.这种书很畅销。

These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。 The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。

8 主语much a great deal little what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。

What is to do 做什么?

Much is to do. 太多要做的事。

9 there be句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。

There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。

I see theres a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。

Exercises choose the best choice.

1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see

2. The food _____ easily and sells _____.

A. cooks well B. is cooking good C. is cooked well D. cooked good

3. The windows of the building cant _____. A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed CAB





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