英文摘要一般须以第三人称、过去式叙述。用词准确,逻辑性强,结构严谨。结果和结论一般用句子表达;而目的、方法(设计、地点和对象)等,则常用短语表达。 (1)英文摘要的时态与语态 1)说明研究目的,通常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 2)说明方法和结果,一般用一般过去时、第三人称的被动语态表达。 3)结论通常用一般现在时、被动语态表达,也可用主动语态表达。(陈老师都用的过去时) (2)常用句型 1)表达论文内容的常用句型 A 第三人称主动态 ①This paper(article,report)describes„本文叙述„ ②This paper (article)reports„本文报告„ ③This report(paper,article)presents„本文介绍„ ④This paper(article,report)discusses„本文讨论„ 常用的动词还有analyze(分析),evaluate(评价),compare(比较),describe(描述)等。 B 第一人称主动态 ⑤We report(on)„我们报告„ ⑥We describe a case of„ 我们描述1例„ ⑦In this paper,we present„ 本文介绍„ ⑧In this paper,we report„ 本文报告„ 主语除we之外,还可用the authors(作者)等。 C 一般现在时被动语态 ⑨A case is reported in which„ 本文报告1例„ ⑩A study of„is reported本文报告„的研究 ⑧„is(are)described. 本文描述„ ⑥In this paper.„is(are)presented. 本文介绍„ 2)表达目的常用句型 A 一般过去时、被动语态 ①The purpose(aim,objective) of this study was to„ 本研究旨在„ ②The goal(aim) of this investigation was to„ 本研究旨在„ ③This study was designed to„ 本研究旨在„ ④This study was undertaken to„ 本研究旨在„ ⑤This prospective study was performed to„ 本前瞻性研究的目的是„ ⑥A study to„was carried out(during) (在„期间)所作研究的目的是„ ⑦An attempt has been made to„ 为了„而作试验 B 动词不定式短语 To evaluate,report,investigate,study,analyze„ C 一般过去时、主动语态 ⑧We(the authors)conducted a study to„ 为了„我们进行了研究 ⑨To determine„,we studied„ 为了确定„,我们研究了„ ⑩In an attempt to„,in an effort to„或in order to„,we carried out a pilot study„ 为了„,我们进行了„的初步研究 表示目的的常用动词有:evaluate(评价),examine(检查,观察),determine(确定,查明),elucidate(阐明),explore(探索),test(测试),compare(比较),estimate(评估),assess(估价),investigate(调查)等。 3)表达方法的常用句型 A 方法 表达研究类型 Prospective, Retrospective, Cohort,Case-control,in vivo, in vitro ①Using„(technique),we studied„ 我们用„(技术)研究了„ ②Using„,it was found that„ (我们)用„发现了„ ③„was(were)measured using„ (我们)用„测定了„ ④„was(were)analyzed (reviewed) by„ (我们)用„分析(回顾)了„ ⑤„was(were)treated with„ (我们)用„治疗了„ ⑥„measurements were made of„ 测定了„ 常用的动词还有:study,measure,determine, investigate,isolate,demonstrate,examine,identify等。 B 分组(主语通常为patients,subjects,animals) ⑦„were randomly divided (grouped) into„groups „被随机分成„组 ⑧„were separated into„groups based on„ 根据„,将„分成„组 ⑨The groups were as follows: 分组如下: C 治疗或检查方法 ⑩„ was performed(used) in (on)„patients 我们对„患者施行(应用)了„ (patients) underwent„endoscopy (患者)进行了„内镜检查 Surgical procedures, assay(immunohistochemistry, molecular biology„) 手术方法,测试方法„ C 统计学方法 Statistical methods: Student’s t test, χ2 … was used for 4)表达结果的常用句型 A 一般句型 ①The results showed (demonstrated) that„结果表明„ ②It was found that„ (我们)发现„ ③It was observed that„ (我们)观察到„ 第②和③句也可改为第一人称:We found that„和We observed that„。 B 增加或减少 ④„decreased by(40%)„降低(40%)„ ⑤„(a 70%) reduction in„was observed „观察到„降低(70%) ⑥There was a(15%) elevation in„„增高(15%) ⑦„resulted in (a marked) increase in„ „导致„(明显)增高 ⑧„was lowered from„to„ „从„下降到„ 表达增加或减少的常用动词还有rise,raise,decline,drop,fall,lower等。可用by表示是净增减的数或倍数,例如“„increase by 40%”,表示“增加40%”;而to表示增加或减少到某个具体数值。 C 相关与差别 ⑨There was a significant linear correlation between„and„ „与„有显著的线性相关性 ⑩„showed no strong correlation between„and„ „显示„与„无密切相关性 ⑩„correlated positively with„ „与„呈正相关 ⑥A negative correlation was found between„and„ 发现„与„呈负相关 ⑩There was (were)(no)significant difference(s)or (No)significant difference(s) 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/55ebad1c3f1ec5da50e2524de518964bce84d27d.html