初三英语知识点总结
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初三知识点总结 1. happy的三种用法: (1)“sth.+happened +地点/时间”意为“某地/某地发生了某事”。An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。 (2)“sth.+happened to +sb.”意为“某人出了某事(常指不好的事发生在某人身上)”。A traffic accident happened to him yesterday.昨天他发生了一起交通事故。 (3)“sb.+happened + to do sth.”意为“某人碰巧做了某事”。I happened to meet her in the street. (4特例An earthquake happened when I happened not to be there.地震发生时我碰巧不在那里。 2. 辨析:happen与take place happen take place 有“发生”之意,指预想不到或出乎意料的事件的发生;还可用来表示“偶然,碰巧”,而且多指整个情况。 意为“发生”时较为正式,不带有“偶然”之意,并经常用来指经过事先安排的事情。 The accident happened last year.那起事故发生在去年。 The event took place three years ago. 那个事件发生在3年前。 3. Some ideas on how to get good grades! 其中how to get good grades 是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,疑问词后面加上不定式(to do)构成一个固定结构,相当于一个名词。注意这种结构中的动词不定式必须带to,不能省略,且一般不带时间状语。另外,这种结构往往含有“应该;必须”之意。中考链接:--Can I help you,dear?----Yeah, I don’t know _______ a banana milk shake.Maybe you can teach me. A. what to do B.when to make C.how to make D. Why to do 解析:此题考查疑问词与不定式的用法。由句意“....我不知道怎样制作香蕉奶昔....”可知用how to make. 答案: c 4.suggest 的用法:(1)suggest 后接动词表示“建议做某事”时,用动名词而不用不定式。She suggested going there by plane. 她建议坐飞机去那里。 (2)表示“建议某人做某事”不能说suggest sb.to do sth.,而可以说suggest sb.doing sth.或suggest sb.that...。 He suggested us that we leave earlier. 他建议我们早点动身。 5.辨析:through与across through 为介词,常指从某空间内或某物中间穿过,多指穿过门、窗、洞、森林、隧道等 across 多指从某个平面横过,多指穿过街道、马道、桥梁、河面等的表面。 We drove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过了隧道。 You mustn’t run across the road. 你不要横穿马路。 6.辨析:reply 与answer reply Reply较answer正式,既可指用口语、书面作答,也可指用动作或手势作答,常用于正式场合或书面语中,经过慎重考虑作出的答复。其后要加to,reply to the question answer answer是常用语,可指口头、笔头,甚至行动回答,口语中用得较多,有时可与reply通用。在表示回答问题时,用answer,其后直接跟question; I don’t know what to reply. Who can answer the question? 7.辨析:in 与after in(在······以后) in表示“在······以后”,是以现在的时间为起点,在一段时间以后,通常用于将来时态Our teachers will go to Mount Huang for a trip in a week after(在······以后) after表示“在······以后”,是以过去的时间为起点,在一段时间以后,常用于过去时态。He was back after three days. (1) 表示在具体某一时刻即几点钟以后时,用after而不用in. (2) 表示在某个未来的具体日期之后用after而不用in. We’ll have a meeting after two o’clock. 我们两点钟以后要召开一个会议。 He’ll arrive after Tuesday.他将在星期二以后到达。 8.常用方位介词用法口诀:over,under正上下,above,below则不然,towards对、向、朝,among之内,along 沿。in内,to 外,表位置,两地相邻on在前。Beyond超出、在远方,against靠着,对与反。 9.辨析:have/has gone to,have/has been to与have/has been in have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in “某人到某地去了”,可能在往返途中,或已经到达了目的地,着重强调现在人不在说话处。它不可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。 “某人曾经去过某地”,人已回到说话处,表示过去的经历。它可与once,twice,three times 等连用,表示“去过某地几次”,也可与副词never,ever等连用。 “某人待在某地(一段时间)”,着重强调人现在已在某地。常与since或for引导的时间状语连用。 He has gone to Shanghai. He has been to Shanghai three times. He has been in Shanghai for two weeks. 10.辨析:be afraid of doing与be afraid to do be afraid 表示主语内心里不情愿做某事,也可以说事不希望发生某事,但自己不一定能of doing 避免它。He is afraid of being beaten by his father.他怕被他爸爸打(不是他敢不敢的问题,是他不情愿) be afraid 指“害怕做某事”,也就是主语对做某事内心感到恐惧。He was afraid to go out to do alone at night.他害怕晚上独自外出。(暗含的意思是“他对于晚上独自外出缺乏安全感”) 11.辨析:a number of 与the number of a number 意为“许多”,后接可数名词的复数形式,整个结构的中心词是后面的复数名of 词,故作主语时其后的谓语动词用复数形式。 the number 意为“·······的数量”,后接可数名词的复数形式,整个结构的中心词是number,of 故作主语时其后的谓语动词用单数形式。 A small number of people have read the book.为数不多的人读过这本书。 The number of the students in our school is rising year by year.我们学校学生的数量在一年年地增长。 12.辨析:die,dead,dying与death (1)die 是终止性动词,意为“死亡;断气”,指生命的结束,强调动作。His grandmother died two years ago.他奶奶两年前去世了。 (2)dead 为形容词,意为“死的,无生命的”,常与be动词连用,表示死的状态。He has been dead for two years.他去世两年了。 (3)dying是die的现在分词形式,通常用作形容词,表示“要死的,频临死亡的”。He is dying. (4)death是die的名词形式,意为“死,死亡”。It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death 13.辨析:missing与lost missing 表示“失去了,不见了”,强调应该有而缺少。I’ve found the missing book. lost because of 表示“遗失,丢掉”,有不易找到的意思。My pen is lost. 意为“因为”,是短语介词,后面常接名词、代词或动名词。We had to stay at home because of the heavy rain. 14.辨析:because of 与because because 意为“因为”,是连词,后面常接一个句子表原因。She didn’t come yesterday because she was ill. 相当于no more ,表示“数量、程度上不再······”,一般修饰非延续性动词。I have eaten enough apples.I don’t want to eat any more. 相当于no longer,主要表示“时间、距离上不再······”,多用于现在时态的句子中,一般修饰延续性动词。His uncle is no longer a driver. 思考,考虑。其后接名词、代词、v-ing形式等。She is thinking about moving to the countyside.她正在考虑搬到乡下去。 仔细考虑,反复思考 The problem is very hard..Please think it over.这道题很难,请仔细考虑一下。 15.辨析:not ...any more与not ...any longer not...any more not...any longer think about think over 16.辨析:think about,think of 与think over think of 想起,想到。I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字了。 17.Sounds like a good idea!听起来像是个好主意! 这是口语中常用的一个句子,前面省略了主语it。sound 作连系动词,意为“听起来”,后面常接形容词作表语。sound like意为“听起来像”,like是介词。The song sounds beautiful. 常见的系动词还有:look, feel, smell, taste,keep, seem, get, turn等 18.go on doing sth. 继续做某事(原来的事情)go on to do sth接着做某事(另一件事情) go on with sth 继续做某事(原来的事情) 19.辨析:be known as 与be known for be 意为“作为······而出名”,相当于be famous as.介词as 后接表示主语身份或known as 名称的词。Flora is known as a writer.佛罗拉作为作家而著名。 be known for 意为“因······而出名”,也写作be well-known for,相当于be famous for.介词for 后所接名词表示出名的原因。China is known for the Great Wall.中国以长城而著名 20.辨析:exciting与excited exciting 形容词,意为“令人兴奋的,令人激动的”。它表示被修饰词自身的特点,主语通常是物。 excited 形容词,意为“兴奋的”。它表示被修饰词受外界影响所产生的情绪,主语通常是人。 The news is exciting, and we’re all excited about it.这个消息振奋人心,我们听了都很兴奋。 20.辨析:be made of/from与be made into 成品 +be made Of +材料 (不改变性质) 成品+ be made from +材料 (改变性质) 材料+ be made into +成品 The house is made of wood.这座房子是木制的。 Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是由葡萄酿制的。 Grapes are made into wine.葡萄制成葡萄酒。 21.prefer 的用法:prefer 常用作及物动词,意为“更喜欢”,在prefer的后面可以接名词、动名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语。prefer还可以和to 连用,构成短语prefer...to...,意为“与······相比,更喜欢······”。搭配:(1)prefer sth.to sth.与某物相比,更喜欢某物 I prefer bananas to apples.(2)prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做······而不愿做······I prefer to walk rather than take a bus.(3)prefer doing sth.to doing sth.与做某事相比,更喜欢做某事I prefer walking to cycling我宁愿步行也不愿骑自行车 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/93ac75a5360cba1aa911da48.html