英文玉的讲解词
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英文玉的讲解词 广义的玉，简化的定义为“湿润而有光泽的美石。”按我国民俗的传统观念讲，其中不仅包括 独山玉(南阳玉)、翡翠(硬玉)、玛瑙(玉髓)、松石等，还包括水晶(石英)、岫岩玉(蛇 纹石)以及寿山石、青田石(地开石)、鸡血石、巴林石等。这种情况在许多考古文献中也被 采用，人们往往将那些具有工艺欣赏价值的玉器并入玉或石类器物介绍。 狭义的玉，是指法国矿物学家德穆尔所言的硬玉(翡翠)和软玉。我国考古学界权威 夏如薡先生也曾主张除软玉、硬玉两类可称玉外余皆不称为玉，它们的具体名称，可用矿石 名来代替。 除去这两种外，地质学界有人提出凡有工艺美术用途的岩石，统归为彩石类，而有工 艺要求的矿石物则归为宝石类。 ************************************************** 翻译: Broad-yu, simplify the definition of a "wet and shiny U.S. stone." According to China's traditional concept of folk stresses, including not only Dushan Jade (Nanyang jade), Jade (jadeite), agate (chalcedony), turquoise, etc. , also includes the Crystal (quartz),岫岩玉(serpentine) and Shoushan stone, Qingtian Stone (dickite), heliotrope, etc.巴林石. This situation in many archaeological literature has also been used, people tend to be those with a process to appreciate the value of jade into the category of jade or stone artifacts introduced. Narrow-yu refers to the French mineralogist Moore said of jadeite (Jade) and nephrite. China's archaeological circles as the right to威夏have advocated the exception of Mr.薡nephrite, jadeite jade types of things than can be said to have not known as jade, and their specific names, can be used to replace the ore name. Excluding these two things, geological academia where it was suggested that the use of arts and crafts rock, EC Choi Shek into categories, and technological requirements of the ore material is classified as category gemstones. 0 | 评论 2010-2-1 22:28 comprehensiom | 八级 Jade is an ornamental stone. The term jade is applied to two different metamorphic rocks that are made up of different silicate minerals: Nephrite consists of a microcrystaline interlocking fibrous matrix of the calcium, magnesium-iron rich amphibole mineral series tremolite (calcium-magnesium)-ferroactinolite (calcium-magnesium-iron). The middle member of this series with an intermediate composition is called actinolite (the silky fibrous mineral form is one form of asbestos). The higher the iron content the greener the colour. Jadeite is a sodium- and aluminium-rich pyroxene. The gem form of the mineral is a microcrystaline interlocking crystal matrix. The English word jade (as well as the English word "jadeite") is derived from the Spanish term piedra de ijada (first recorded in 1565) or "loin stone", from its reputed efficacy in curing ailments of the loins and kidneys. Nephrite is derived from lapis nephriticus, the Latin version of the Spanish piedra de ijada.[1] Nephrite and jadeite were used from prehistoric periods for hardstone carving. Jadeite has about the same hardness as quartz, while nephrite is somewhat softer. Both nephrite and jadeite are tough, but nephrite is tougher than jadeite. They can be delicately shaped. Thus it was not until the 19th century that a French mineralogist determined that "jade" was in fact two different materials. The trade name jadite is sometimes applied to translucent or opaque green glass. Among the earliest known jade artifacts excavated from prehistoric sites are simple ornaments with bead, button, and tubular shapes.[2] Additionally, jade was used for axe heads, knives, and other weapons. As metal-working technologies became available, the beauty of jade made it valuable for ornaments and decorative objects. Jadeite measures between 6.5 and 7.0 Mohs hardness, and Nephrite between 5.5 and 6.0,[3] so it can be worked with quartz or garnet sand, and polished with bamboo or even ground jade. Nephrite can be found in a creamy white form (known in China as "mutton fat" jade) as well as in a variety of green colours, whereas 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/97d34fb9aa956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a177.html