英国文学
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1. Language spoken by Anglo-saxons is called the Old English, which is the foundation of English language and literature. With the Anglo-saxon settlement in Britain, the history of English literature began. 2. Anglo-Saxon literature/the old English literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. 3. Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language. The use of the alliteration is notable feature. 4. Romance cycles: The matters of France Chanson de Roland 《罗兰之歌》 Rome Trojan War 《特洛伊战争》 Britain King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table 《亚瑟王与圆桌骑士》 5. Age of Chaucer: Chaucer was the greatest one of five main writers in the 14th century. He was a scholar, a travaller, a business man, a countier, who shared in all the stirring life of his age and reflected it in his works. He was the representative writer of the century. Therefore, the 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”. 6. William Langland Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔士》 7. Today Chaucer is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poerty“ but also as ”the father of English fiction”. His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 8. Chaucer introduced the rhymed couplet of iambic pentamentre 五步抑扬格双韵体(which is later called the “heroic couplet”英雄双韵体) to English poetry. 9. Ballads of Robin Hood《罗宾汉的故事》 is the most famous cycle of English ballads. 10. The Renaissance originated from the north Italy in the fourteenth century, which revived the study of Roman and Greek classics. 11. Elizabethan Period is often referred to as the Age of William Shakespeare. 12. The greatest and most distinctive achievements of Elizabethan literature is the drama. 13. Thomas Wyatt introduced the fourteenline sonnet into English. 14. Surrey was the first to give the sonnet its English form, which was used by Shakespeare later. So it is usually called Shakespeare Sonnet. This form is made up of three quatrains with different rhymes, followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. 15. The works of Sir Philip Sidney : Arcadia 《阿卡迪亚》 Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星》 Apology for Poetry《为诗辩护》 16. Edmund Spenser is often referred to as “the poets’ poet” ,whose masterpiece is The Faerie Queene《仙后》. The rhythm scheme of Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗节is abab bcbc c 17. Thomas More Utopia《乌托邦》 18. Francis Bacon Of Studies Of Travel Of Wisdom 19. Writing Style of Bacon’s Essays: His essays have a peculiar literary style. They are noted for their clearness, brevity and force of expression. Bacon chief concern is to express his thought with clearness and in as few wods as possible. His sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and often of balanced structure. Many of them have become wise old sayings. Generally speaking, Bacon’s literary style has three prominent qualities: directness, terseness, and forcefulness. 20. Marlowe Tamburlaine the Great 《铁木尔大帝》 21. Characters in Shakespeare’s Comedies: Usually there are two groups of characters in Shakespeare’s comedies. The first group is composed of characters of young men and young women. They live in the world of youth and dreams and laughter, and fight for their happiness. The second group consists of simple and shrewd clowns and other common people. 22. Shakespeare’s main comedies are Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, As You Like It, The Winter’s Tale, and The Twelfth Night. His main tragedies are Hamlet, Othello,King Lear, and Macbeth. 23. 作家作品人物分析Hamlet 24. Ben Jonson---poet laureate 桂冠诗人 His works: Every Man in His Humour《人人高兴》 Volpone《狐狸》 The Alchemist 《炼金术》 25. English literature of the Revolution period is different from the literature of Elizabethan Period in the following three aspects: 1) Elizabethan literature had a marked unity and feeling of patriotism and devotion to the Queen, but in the Revolution Period the king became the open enemy of the people, and the country was divided by the struggle for political and religious liberty.So literature was as divided in spirit as were the struggling parties. 2) Elizabethan literature was generally inspiring. It throbbed with youth and hope and vitality. Literature in the Puritan Age expressed age and sadness.Even its brightest hours were followed by gloom and pessimism. 3) Elizabethan literature was intensely romantic. The romantic spirit sprang from the heart of youth. People believed all things, even the impossible. But in literature of the Puritan period, we can not find any romantic ardor. 26. John Donne is the founder of the Metaphysical School(玄学派). 27. 作家作品人物分析 Satan 28. John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》 29. The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. 30. Alexander Pope was the representative writer of the neo-classical school新古典主义. 31. “The Tatler”《闲谈者》was started by Steele in 1709. “The Spectater”《旁观者》was a collaborative project by Addison and Steele togrther. 32. Samuel Johnson Dictionary of the English Language Lives of the Poets 33. Daniel Defoe has been regared as the discoverer of the modern novel. Robinson Crusoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》 34. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》 35. Henry Fielding’s novels:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling He is the founder of English realistic novels. 36. Tobias George Smollett’s three main novels: The Adventures of Roderick Random The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle The Expedition of Humphry Clinker 37. Samuel Richardson’s novels are written in the form of letters. He was the master of writing epistolary novels（书信体小说）. 38. （问答）Meaning of Romanticism 39. Richard Brinsley Sheridan The School of Scandal 《校园丑闻》 40. In 1798 William Wordsworth and Samule Taylor Coleridge published their joint work Lyrical Ballads. The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with classicism and the beginning of the Romantic Age. 41. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it. 42. The Romantic poets of group are William Wordworth, Sanule Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey. They are also Lakers, or Lake poets in English literature. 43. Wordsworth and Robert Southey Poet Laureate桂冠诗人 44. George Gordon Byron Don Juan《唐璜》 45. Percy Bysshe Shelley Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》 Ode to the West Wind , To a Skylark and The Cloud 《西风颂》《致云雀》《致云朵》 46. Keat’s shorter poems: Ode to Autumn《秋赋》 Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》 47. Charles Lamb Essays of Elia 《伊利亚随笔选集》 48. Walter Scott has been considered to be the creator and the great master of the historical novel. Rob Roy《罗布罗伊》 49. Jane Austen Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》Emma《爱玛》 Persuasion《劝导》 50. Charles Dickens Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》 A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》 51. Features of Charles Dickens’s novels: 52. William Makepeace Thackeray Vanity Fair《名利场》 53. The Bronte Sisters: Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Anne Bronte Charlotte Bronte Proffessor Jane Eyre Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights Anne Bronte Agnes Grey 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/a6176e244b35eefdc8d333cd.html