spend, take, pay, cost都有“花费”的意思,但在具体使用时各有差异。各地中考试题在单项选择和句型转换题中常把这四个词放在一起考查 1.spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构: (1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。 例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 2.pay的主语也是人,基本用法是 (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。 例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sb /sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3) Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay off one's money还清钱。 3.cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下: (1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如: Smokers cost them a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费他们不少钱。cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 4. take的意思在英语中很多,如:花费、占领、服(药)等,而且用法亦很广,表达花费的用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 注意:按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 中考题举例 1.— How much did you ______ for the dictionary? -- £ 12. (2006安徽) A. buy B. spend C. cost D. pay 2,—It____the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam(三峡大坝).—How great! (2006福州) A. spends B. costs C. paid D. took 3.—And smokers have to spend a lot of money 50 cigarrettes (香烟). So I think it is a bad habit. (2007 娄底) A. buy B. good C. famous D. on 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/c9ae5496c47da26925c52cc58bd63186bceb92c3.html