现在完成时（The present perfect tense）的用法小结 一、现在完成时的结构：_______________________________________________ 现在完成时的被动语态结构：_________________________________________ 现在完成时的进行时态：_____________________________________________ 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及_______，又联系__________。 用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。 用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有： ① for＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 ② since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. ③ since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. ④ since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。 I ____________________________for nearly 20 years. 我当老师已经有20年了。 How long _________________________here? 他住在这多久了？ 四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。如this morning，today，this week，these days He has been to Beijing three times this year. 五、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。 判断正误： He has come back.（ ） He has come back for two hours.（ ） 六、如何通过与一般过去时做比较,进一步掌握现在完成时? 一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同. （1） 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。 如:I learned ten English songs（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容） I have learnt ten English songs.（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲） I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间） I have cleaned the blackboard.（说明现在黑板是干净的） The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在有单词） The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在没有单词） （2）一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等。现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since…,for… , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all one’s life等 现在完成时专项练习 一 高考链接:从所给的A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项 1. I got caught in the rain and my suit____. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 2. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics_______ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 3. ---- The window is dirty. ---- I know. It ________ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 4.--- George and Lucy got married . Did you go to their wedding? --- No, I ____. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite 5. The construction of the two new railway lines_______by now. A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed 6. I like these English songs and they ___many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 7. I heard they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted 8. I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. —I think so. He ____ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 9. By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 10. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decide 二．单句改错 1. The book has been given him. ______________________________________ 2. The most comfortable service has been offered us by him. ______________________________________ 3. The new bridge over the Yellow River has just completed. ______________________________________ 4. Many new buildings were built since 1980. ______________________________________ 5. Something bad has been happened to him． 三. 用动词的正确形式填空 1. We ________________(study ) in Little Star English since two years ago. 2. Tsunami ______________(not happen) in the south-east of China recently. 3. My father ___________ (read) the novel twice. 4. ----She ______________(buy) a Hello Kitty for you , hasn’t she? ---Yes, she _______. 5. This is the nicest park I __________(see). 6. They _________ (study) English for a long time. 四. 根据汉语提示完成句子 1．你最近收到你爸爸的来信了吗？_______ you ______ ________ your father _________ ? 2. 我已经很长时间没有拜访过我姑姑了。I ________ ________ my aunt ______ ______ _______ _______. 3. Simon曾经去过几次中国。Simon _______ _______ _______ China for ______ ______ _______. 4. 他们已经去电影院了They ______ ______ ______ ______ the cinema. 5. Smith夫妇还没有回来。 The Smiths _______ _______ _______ ________. 6. 脏衣服都已经洗了。The dirty clothes______________. 7. 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。The plan _________________by the experts for three times. 8. 这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。The child ____________________by Grandma Wang all these years. 9. 门已经被锁上了。__________________________________________________________ 10. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。He__________________________________________________ 11. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。We’ll start as soon as the work _________________ 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/f5ac162aac1ffc4ffe4733687e21af45b307fe84.html