一. 被动语态 主动语态:主语 主动 执行 被动语态:主语 被动 承受 例句: The lazy sheep was caught by the gray wolf again! 1. 被动语态的基本机构:be +及物动词 过去分词 2. 主动变被动的基本规则: 主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 被动语态: 主语 + be +过去分词 + by +宾语 + 其他成分 例1: Many people speak English. 1 ○2 ○3 ○被动句: English is spoken by many people. 3 ○2 ○1 ○例2: He cheated her. 1 ○2 ○3 ○被动句: She was cheated by him. 3 ○2 ○1 ○3.主动句变被动句的主要规则: (1). 人称代词主格做主语,宾格做宾语。 (2). 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词 (如果是不及物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词) He gives up smoking. 被动句:______________________________ (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为: 一般过去时被动语态为: 一般将来时被动语态为: 现在完成时被动语态为: (4).情态动词 + be done 由上可见,被动语态的时态 由_____be 动词___ 来体现。 (5). 被动语态中,by+动作的发出者 放在句末(课省略),by 表示“由,被”的意思。 4.被动语态的注意点 (1)“三看一听”hear, see, watch, notice,使役动词make等 主动句中 to 走开, 被动句中 to 回来。 I heard my sister sing in her room yesterday. 被动句: My mother always makes me do some housework. 被动句:______________________________________________ (2)say, believe, consider, know, expect, think 等词接宾语从句,变被动句用 It is / was said/believed…. that………. People believe he told the truth. 被动句:_________________________________________ (3)常见无被动的词: happen 意为“发生”时,主语为物,sth happen to sb, 无被动 belong to, take place, rise, sell well, remain, run out, come true等无被动 (4) 感官动词__feel, look, smell, taste, sound_, 主动表被动 The news sounds terrible. 二. 现在完成时 1、语境分析 ①动作发生在过去,已完成,强调对现在有影响 ---Are you hungry? ---No, I have had breakfast. ②动作发生在过去,未完成,持续到现在或未来 I have studied English for 10 years. 2. 标志性的时间状语: already___________, yet_____________ _____________, ever_____________ never___________, before___________ In the last/past + 一段时间________________________________ So far ________________ For + 一段时间___________________________ Since + 过去的时间点 since then,since two years ago, since 1996…… + 从句(过去式) 次数(twice, three times , four times……) 注意:1)already用于肯定句, I have already eaten lunch. yet用于一般疑问句或否定句 _______ you eaten lunch _________? I haven’t eaten lunch ________. 2)Have you ever read this story (before)? -----I have never read it. 3) In the last three weeks, I have read 5 books. 4) We have known each other for 5 years. 5) Qingdao has changed greatly so far. 6) I haven’t seen my teachers since I left school. 7)I have lived here since 2010. (since 3 years ago) 3、重点词组辨析 ① have/has gone to 去了……(人未回) ② Have/has been to 去过……(人已回) ③ Have/has been in 去……多久(有一段时间) 4. 与延续性的时间状语 连用的必须是延续性动词 初中阶段常考的延续性时间状语: 1)for +一段时间 2)Since + 过去的时间点 + 从句(过去式) 3)How long……? 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/727ef09786254b35eefdc8d376eeaeaad1f316e7.html