现在完成时
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现在完成时一、现在完成时含义 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。 e.g. I have lost my wallet. (Jane has laid the table.(含义是：现在我没有钱花了。) Michael has been ill. (二、现在完成时结构与句型He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。含义是：已可以吃饭了。) 含义是：现在已在此地) ) 助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。 句型： 1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years . 2We haven’t been there .、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。 3Has he eaten that apple ? 、一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 4Where have you been to recently? 、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 三、现在完成时用法 1e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. 、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。 I have lived here since 1998. 2e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship. 、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等： I haven’t seen much of him recently/lately.We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet? 3e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? 、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等： I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. 等。 Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain this year. The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5子，在后面加上、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续 , 但是有一些现在完成时的句E.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (Thomas has studied Russian for three years. 现在不再学俄语) (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.) 6e.g. We have had four texts this semester. 、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”？ ；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如： —Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：Have you ever been thereNothing has ever happened here. ？你曾经去过那里吗？ ★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”这里未曾发生过什么事。, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。 ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven★just意为“刚刚”’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. , 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去我从未跟她讲过话。, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。 e.g. He has just come back from school.★ just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时他刚从学校回来。, 用于一般过去时 , 位于句首或句尾均可。 e.g. He came from school just now.★for 和since的用法及区别。for 他刚才从学校回来。与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。 注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 e.g.I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havenI saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have never seen her. ’t seen her since she left Shanghai. ★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别: have/ has gone to have/ has been to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地have/ has been in e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 已经在…曾经去过, , , 人还未回来 常与一段时间连用人已经回来了 She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她以前曾去过上海。Has he gone to Qingdao? 她在上海10年了。 但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？ 难点：瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换 表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词转化形式： 1buy ------ have, borrow ----- keep, put on ------ wear, 、用相应的延续性动词或者近义词； catch/get a cold ------ have a cold, come/go/become ------ be. 2join the Party ------ be a Party member, 、转换成 be＋名词; join the army ------ be a soldier, go to school ------ be a student. 34、转换成be + 介词短语 :go to school ------ be in school, join the army ------ be in the army. 5、转换成be + adj.: die ------ be dead, open——be open, get married-------be married , close ------ be closed begin/start ------ 、转换成be + adv. : finish ------ be over, come/arrivebe on, leave (…) ------ be away (from), go——现在完成时的两个常用句型及——sincebe here come back和for的用法 ——be back be away 11)．现在完成时常用于下面两个句型中。It the first, the last 在有序数词及the only构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时。 is+This the only 序数词 +名词+(that)+现在完成时 It (This) is the second time that we've met each other.It (This) is the only book that he has ever written.这是我们第二次见面。2)It the best, the worst 在有形容词最高级构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时。这是他写的唯一的一本书。 is+This the most interesting 最高级 +名词+(that)+现在完成时 It is the best film that I've ever seen.This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.这是我看过的最好的电影。 2①过去的时间点．since的三种用法。这是我读过的最有趣的书。 (a point of time in the past) since+ ③从句（谓语用非持续性动词的过去时）②一段时间(a period of time)+ago He has taught English at this school since 1993. 1993I haven't seen him since three years ago. 3年以来，他一直在这学校教英语。Great changes have taken place here since you left.年来我一直没见过他。 小练习 你离开以来，这儿发生了巨大变化。 1) —— About two weeks. How long_____________ you_____________ the bicycle? A. have; had B. have; bought C. did; buy D. have; get 2) —— No, I______________ it for two years.A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? 3) The foreign guests_____________ here almost a week. A. have arrived B. have been C. have reached D. have got 4) Professor Li______________ back from the United States for over two months. A. has come B. has been C. had come D. came 5) John got sick last January and_______________ in bed since then. A. was B. has been C. had been D. would be 6) My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him______________________ . A. since almost a year B. from almost a year onC. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago 【Keys】 2. 1) A 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) D 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/d071158d4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8559.html