2019新东方新概念英语|2019新概念英语三册：重点句型解析（1）

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　　1、How did Haywood make in times of peace?

　　There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.'

　　pay large sums of money to sb 向某人付大笔大笔的费用

　　in return for… 目的是为了换取…, 作为对…的回报

　　-- He gave me some books in return for my help.

　　when 引导状语从句修饰 time

　　-- There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.(Mini n.迷你型, 袖珍型)

　　2、If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.

　　Promptly = immediately

　　put a man out of business 使某人失业

　　put sb/sth out of... 使某人失去…

　　-- You are putting me out of patience. 你使我失去耐心了。

　　-- You have already put everything out of order.

　　-- Put it out of your mind. 忘记这件事情吧。

　　by destroying his shop 通过…手段

　　-- You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.

　　3、Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime.

　　Obtaining = getting

　　4、As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.

　　as long ago as 追溯回到(= dating back to = date from)

　　-- I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.

　　make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现

　　would rather do... than do... 宁愿…而不…

　　-- He would rather die than surrender.(vi.投降, 自首)

　　-- I would rather play tennis than swim.

　　would prefer to do ... than do...

　　would prefer doing ... to doing...

　　-- He would prefer to die than surrender.

　　-- He would prefer dying to surrendering.

　　would rather(sooner) + that 宾语从句(过去式)-- 虚拟语气

　　-- I would rather that you were not here. 我宁愿你不在这。(暗含：实际你在这)

　　-- I would rather that I didn't see you.

　　-- He would rather that he didn't hear the news.

　　life work 毕生的事业 / have sth done

　　5、Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.

　　settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近

　　He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.

　　made a name for himself = become famous

　　-- They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.

　　come to = get to 渐渐的

　　come to be known 渐渐被人所熟知

　　-- I come to be known to my students.

　　-- I got to know him.

　　6、Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.

　　Whenever 无论什么时候

　　at war 交战 / at war with… 于…交战

　　hire 表示出租

　　who 指代 prince

　　he demanded = Hawkwood demanded

　　7、In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.

　　in time of peace 在和平期间

　　march into 大踏步行军

　　burn down 烧毁 / burn up 烧光 / burn out 烧空

　　-- The house was burned out only walls left. 房子被了只剩下墙壁。

　　would offer to go away = would promise to go away

　　Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded

　　him as a sort of hero.

　　in spite of this 尽管如此

　　People in different countries have different opinions.

　　The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.

　　8、When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'

　　give sb a state funeral 给某人举行国葬

　　have sth done

　　Signor n.先生(意大利语)

　　which 指代 picture

　　be dedicated to the memory of sb

　　the most valiant 比较级的级形式

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