新概念英语第二册课文详解及语法解析-新概念英语第二册语法解析：并列句

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　　1. 并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。

　　2. 并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句

　　3. 并列句的类型：

　　1) 并列关系(联合关系)。连接词：and, not only…but (also), neither…nor等

　　例句：I help him and he helps me.

　　我帮助他，他也帮助我。

　　Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.

　　我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。

　　Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.

　　我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。

　　2) 转折关系。连接词：but, yet, still, while, however, when等

　　例句：He failed many times, but he didn’t despair.

　　他失败多次但并没有气馁。

　　She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.

　　她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。

　　3) 选择关系。连接词：or, otherwise or else, either…or

　　例句：We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.

　　我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。

　　Either you come to my place or I go to yours.

　　或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。

　　4) 因果关系。连接词：for, so, thus, therefore, and so

　　例句：We had better stay at home, for it was raining.

　　我们呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。

　　He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.

　　他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。

　　有时也可不用连词，而用逗号，分号或冒号。如：

　　Hurry up, it’s getting dark.

　　快点，天要黑了。

　　Let’s start early, we have a long way to go.

　　我们要早动身，因为路很远。

　　注意：

　　(1) yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and, but, or等强，用了yet或still，前面还可加and或but。

　　He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。

　　I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车。

　　(2) while意义相当于at the same time表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。

　　I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。

　　when = and then, just then或at that time, during the time.

　　We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。

　　while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。

　　(3) for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，and so比较口语化。

　　专项训练：

　　1.Some are reading magazines,______ others are playing cards.

　　A.or B.for C.so D.while

　　2.We must get up early tomorrow.______ we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.

　　A.so B.or C.but D.however

　　3.——I don’t like chicken ______ fish.

　　——I don’t like chicken,______ I like fish very much.

　　A.and, and B.and, but C.or, and D.or, but

　　4.We want ______ high speed ______ good quality.

　　A.both, and B.either, or C.neither, nor D.not, but also

　　5.In spring it is ______ hot ______ cold here.

　　A.both, and B.either, or C.neither, nor D.not only, but

　　6.______ does he writes well, ______ he also speaks well.

　　A.Not only, but B.Not, but C.Either, or D.Both, and

　　7.Use your head, ______ you’ll work it out.

　　A.so B.or C.and D.for

　　8.I want to buy the jacket, ______ I have not enough money with me.

　　A.but B.so C.or D.for

　　9.______ you ______ I am going to help Tom.

　　A. Either, or B. Not, but C.Not only, and D.Each, and

　　10.The soldier was wounded, ______ he pushed on.

　　A.for B.and C.so D.yet　　

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