2017年职称英语 考试 报名,2017职称英语综合类阅读精选：RadiationandHumanHealth

Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康

1．Radioactivity occurs naturally. The main sources are in space, rocks, soil, water and even the human body itself. This is called background radiation and levels vary from place to place, though the average dose is fairly constant. The radiation which is of most concern is artificial radiation which results from human activities. Sources of this include the medical use of radioactive materials, fallout and contamination from nuclear industry, and the storage and dumping of radioactive waste.

1、辐射在自然界中普遍存在。主要的辐射源存在于空间、岩石、土壤、水、甚至是人体之中。这叫做背景辐射。辐射强度会因地点而异，但平均辐射量实则大致相同。最令人担忧的是人类活动造成的人工辐射。辐射源包括医用放射性材料、核工业的放射性沉降物和污染物，以及辐射废弃物的积存和倾倒。

2.While artificial radiation accounts for a small proportion of the total, its effects can be disproportionate. Some of the radioactive materials discharged by human activities are not found in nature, such as plutonium, while others which are found naturally may be discharged in different physical and chemical forms, allowing them to spread more readily into the food-chain.

2、虽然人工辐射只占辐射总量的一小部分，其后果却很严重。人类活动所排放的一些放射性物质本在自然界中无处可寻，比如说钚。然而另外一些本来天然存在的物质却以各种不同的物理或化学形式被释放出来，致使它们能更轻易地进入食物链。

3.For all these reasons, simple comparisons of background and artificial radioactivity may not reflect the relative hazards. Equally important, it has never been shown that there is such a thing as a safe dose of radiation and so the fact that we are progressively raising global levels should be of as much concern to us as the possibility of another major nuclear test, nuclear reactor or shipment of plutonium means an additional and unnecessary health risk.

3、基于这些原因，也许仅仅拿背景辐射和人工辐射作简单比较并不能够反映相关的危险性。同样重要的是，从来也没有过辐射存在安全摄入量这种说法。因此，就像处理另一场大型核试验、核反应堆的制造、钚材料的运送等环节会对健康形成潜在威胁一样，不断増加辐射总量也应该引起我们足够的重视。

4.In general, the effects of radiation can be divided into those which affect the individuals exposed and those which affect their descendants. Somatic effects are those which appear in the irradiated or exposed individual. These include cancer and leukaemia. Hereditary or genetic effects are those which arise in subsequent generations.

4、总的来说，辐射的危害可以分为对辐射接收者本人的影响以及对其子孙后代的影响。身体伤害尤见于辐射接受者本身，包括癌症和白血病这类病症。遗传影响则发生在其后代身上。

5.Many of the elements which our bodies need are produced by the nuclear industry as radioactive isotopes or variants. Some of these are released into the environment, for example iodine and carbon, two common elements used by our bodies. Our bodies do not know the difference between an element which is needed and which is not. So radioactive elements can be absorbed into living tissues, bones or the blood, where they continue to give off radiation. Radioactive strontium behaves like calcium—an essential ingredient in our bones—in our bodies. Strontium deposits in the bones send radioactivity into the bone marrow, where the blood cells are formed, causing leukemia.

5、我们身体所需要的许多元素是由核工业以放射性同位素或者是变体的形式排放出来的。其中有一些被释放到环境中，比如说碘和碳，这是我们身体所需的两种常见元素。我们的身体并不知道需要哪种元素，不需要哪种元素。所以放射性元素能够被我们的活细胞组织、骨骼和血液吸收，而进入人体后其辐射并未停止。放射性元素锶在我们体内和人体骨骼必需元素钙表现类似。锶在骨骼中沉积并且将放射能传递至产生血液细胞的骨髓之中，从而引发白血病。

6.There are three principal effects which radiation can have on cells: firstly cells may be killed; secondly the way cells multiply may be affected, resulting in the cells of the ovaries or testes, leading to the development of a child with an inherited abnormality.

6、辐射可以对细胞产生三大主要影响：第一，细胞可能会被杀死；第二，细胞的繁殖可能会受影响，进而影响到卵巢或睾丸中的细胞，引起先天性胎儿畸形。

2017职称英语综合类阅读精选： Radiation and Human Health.doc

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