What makes people different from computer programs?(人与电脑程序的区别到底在哪儿呢?) What is the missing element(缺失的要素) that our theories don’t yet (1) account for?(解释;我们的理论还没有解释的缺失要素是什么?) The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason(介词“for”,为了一个原因): to learn more about (2) what they are interested in(“what”引导宾语从句). Computers, on the other hand, don't.(然而,电脑可不是如此。) In fact,computers don't (3) even (甚至)have interests;(电脑甚至没有兴趣可言:Computers read newspaper not because they are interested in something.) there is nothing in particular(没有什么特别需要寻找的东西) that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) program (计算机程序;呼应短文第一段第一句话,人与电脑程序的区别)is to be a model(模式) of story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose”(意图;目的). (如果一个电脑程序是理解故事的模式,那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。)
Of course, people have several goals that do not make (5) sense(“make sense”:讲得通, 有意义, 言之有理) to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) in order to (目的)satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) find (寻找)a good place to go for (表示“目的”)a business lunch(商务餐). Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
It doesn’t make any sense to attribute the goals to computers.
It makes no sense to attribute the goals to computers.
解释:attribute sth. to sb. /sth.: regard sth as belonging to sb/sth 认为某事物属於某人[某事物];
“当然,人们在阅读时有几个目标;但是认为电脑在阅读时也有这些目标就没有道理了。”在这个主从复合句中,主句是“people have several goals”,后面接一个由“that”引导的定语从句“that do not make sense to attribute to computers”。本句话中先行词是“goals”,先行词在定语从句中做“attribute”这个词的宾语,即“attribute the goals to computers”(将人具有的这些目标归属于电脑;也就是说,让电脑也拥有像人一样的目标)。整个句子连起来就是,“认为电脑在阅读时也有像人一样的这些目标就没有道理了。”接下来,作者举了一个例子。作者说,一个人可能会阅读《就餐指南》,目的是解决饥饿,或者去娱乐,或者为了找一个好地方去吃商务餐。电脑不会饿,也不会吃商务餐。(从而印证了第二段开头这句话,将人的一些目标归属于电脑是讲不通的。因为人所具有的这些目标,如去吃饭、娱乐、吃商务餐等,电脑都不会有。)
However, these physiological and social goals give (8) rise to (“give rise to”: 引起;使发生;导致)several intellectual or cognitive goals. (这些心理目标和社会目标会引起一些智力或认知方面的目标。)下一句话中“give rise to”表达类似的意思,实际上提示了第8个空中可以使用“rise”来组成“give rise to”这个短语,表达“引起”的概念。
“give rise to sth”:give rise to sth (fml 文) cause sth 引起﹑ 导致某事物:
Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours.
她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语.
A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to (引起) goals to find (9) information (找到相关信息)about the name of a restaurant which (10) serves (give food to sb at a meal 供某人饭菜;提供饭菜)the desired(想要的饭菜) type of food ,how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) acquire (获取信息或者知识)information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) learning goals(学习目标). These goals can be held (have sth as sth one has gained 获得, 博得, 赢得, 持有某事物;电脑也可以获取这些目标)by computers too; a computer (13) might (可能;表达可能性)“want” to find out the location of a restaurant ,and read a guide in order to (目的)do so (14) in the same way (短语:“in the same way as” 像人一样,一相同的方式这么做。) as a person might (表达可能性;这个词也可提示第13个空里选择“might”,同样表达“可能性”。). While such a goal would not (15) arise out of (短语“arise out of/ from”:起因于, 由 ... 引起的)hunger in the case of (就电脑来说)the computer,it might well (很可能)arise out of (起因于)the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
短语:out of/from sth follow as a result of sth 因某事物而产生﹑ 造成﹑ 引起: problems arising out of the lack of communication 由於缺乏交流而产生的问题
最后一句话:虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿,但是,电脑很可能从这个“目标”获得更多的关于餐厅的信息。
词汇:
element n. 元素,成分,要素
intellectual adj. 智力的,聪明的
entertainment n. 娱乐,消遣
physiological adj. 生理学的,生理的
cognitive adj. 认知的,认识上的
注释:
1. ... attribute to computers ... :……把……归于电脑,归属于电脑……
2. ... in the case of computer ... :……对于电脑来说……
2017年职称英语综合类B级完型填空练习6.doc正在阅读:
2021年党建工作每月计划表,2018年9月党建工作计划表07-10
2020印刷厂实习总结报告【三篇】10-10
2017年税务师考试试题及答案:涉税服务法律(检测习题4)01-31
2016年事业单位考试申论范文模拟试题:让离婚“缓冲阀”成为社会“减压阀”07-29
爱的教育读后感400字08-24
2019年四川甘孜中考历史真题及答案:2019年四川甘孜中考历史真题03-30
部队检讨书格式范文:部队标准检讨书范文04-20
初一中秋节日记400字:愉快的中秋节03-07