1. I & Me: （主我与客我）The I is the impulsive,（冲动的） unorganized,（无组织的） undirected,（无向的） unpredictable part of you. （不可预知的你的一部分）The Me is the generalized other, made up of the organized and consistent patterns shared with others.。客我是广义的,由有组织的和一致的方式与他人分享。 2. The Looking-glass Self: （镜中我）This theory explains socialization （社会化）as a reflection process （作为反射过程中）in which a person develops a self-image that is constructed based on how other people view him/her. （一个人发展的自我形象，构建基于别人是如何看待他/她）In this way, a person is socialized by trying to adjust their self-image.（通过这种方式,一个人社会化试图调整他们的自我形象） 3. Time-biased media:（偏向时间的媒介） Time-biased media could carry information and messages that last for many generations,（时代） but tend to reach limited audiences, （但往往达到有限的观众,如粘土、石碑,.手抄手稿等等。 ）such as clay, stone tablets, hand-copied manuscript and so on. 4. Communication effect: Communication behaviors（行为） with persuading（说服）motivation（动机） exert changes about mental, attitudes and action on audiences. 传播效果:带有劝服性动机的沟通行为，会对观众精神，态度和行动上产生变化。 5. Opinion leader: （意见领袖）People who are active in information networks, and have many information channels, and they can often provide information and advice for others and can influence others.（在信息网络活跃的人,和有很多的信息渠道,他们经常为他人提供信息和建议,可以影响别人） 6. Two-step flow of communication: （两级传播理论）Communication from the mass media first reaches “opinion leaders” who filter （过滤器）the information they have gathered to their associates, with whom they are influential. （信息）先从大众媒体沟通达到“意见领袖”过滤信息聚集在他们的同事,与他们都有影响力。[先面向影响者做营销,再激励影响者面向大众做营销] 7. Agenda Setting Theory:(议程设置理论) Mass media report an issue or not directly affect people’s perception 感知on the subject. 主题However, mass media highlights强调 an issue will cause people to pay more attention to the issue.大众媒体报告一个问题或没有直接影响人们对这个问题的看法。然而,大众媒体强调一个问题会导致人们更加关注这个问题。 7. Spiral of Silence Theory: 沉默的螺旋理论This theory stipulates规定 that individuals have a fear of isolation,个人有对孤独的恐惧 which results from the idea that a social group or the society might isolate, neglect, or exclude us due to our opinions. This fear of isolation consequently leads to remaining silent instead of voicing opinions.结果认为一个社会团体或社会孤立,忽视或排除由于我们的意见。这种恐惧的孤立从而导致保持沉默而不是表达观点 9. 5 development stages of human communication: The stage of oral language medium; The stage of words medium; The stage of print medium; The stage of electronic medium; The stage of network medium.人类传播的五个发展阶段:口语媒介的阶段;文字媒介的阶段;印刷媒介的阶段;电子媒介的阶段;网络媒介的阶段。 10. Characteristics of sign:符号的特点 (1) Referring: a sign stands for something, but it is not the thing itself. (2) Arbitrary & Stipulation: Meanings of signs are different for different people in different contexts. (3) Developing. (1)提到:一个标志代表什么,但它不是事物本身。(2)任意和规定:标志的含义是不同的对于不同的人在不同的上下文中。(3)发展。 11. Functions of nonverbal signs: 非语言符号的功能：Nonverbal signs can carry information without any need of words; Nonverbal signs may reinforce or expand verbal information; The verbal and nonverbal channels may transmit apparently incongruent, which could express real ideas.非语言符号可以携带信息没有任何需要的单词;非语言符号可能会加强或扩大语言信息;语言和非语言频道可能传播显然不一致,这可能表达真实的想法。 11. Marshall McLuhan’s media theory: The medium is the extension of man; The medium is the message; Hot medium and cool medium; Global village. 马歇尔·麦克卢汉的媒介理论:媒介是人的延伸;媒介即信息;热介质和冷却介质;地球村。 12. Characteristics of the stage of network medium: Incomparable timeliness; Massive and opened communication content dissemination; Two-way and interactional communication process; Personalized communication environment. 网络媒介的阶段特点:无与伦比的及时性;大规模和打开通信内容传播;双向沟通、相互影响的过程;个性化的通信环境。 14. Factors that may affect gatekeeper: Political and legal factors; Economic factors; Social and cultural factors; Information; Communication organizations; Audience; Personal factors影响把关人的因素:政治和法律因素;经济因素;社会和文化因素;信息;沟通组织;观众;个人因素 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/21adb593a9114431b90d6c85ec3a87c241288a7b.html