寄生虫中英名词解释
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1..Parasite: A parasite is a smaller organism that lives in or on and at the expense of a larger organism temporarily or permanently. Parasite and host:A parasite is a smaller organism that lives in or on and at the expense of a larger organism temporarily or permanently.A host is alarger organism that is parasitized by a parasite temporarily or permanently. 2..Parasitism(寄生)： is a unique animal association in which the parasite is not only in continuous,intimate association with its host,but is also metalbolically dependent on its host to some degree,directly or indirectly. 3..Ectoparasites(外寄生虫): organisms that live on the outside of their hosts,usually attached to the skin,feathers,and hair. 4..Endoparasites(内寄生虫): living within their hosts.ie.,in the gut,body cavity,lungs or other tissues. 5..Facultative parasites(兼性寄生虫)： living either a parastitic or non-parasitic life. 是指可寄生也可不寄生而营自由生活的种类。 6..Obligate parasites(固需/专性寄生虫)： parasites which are obligated to live a parasitic existence and are incapable of surviving outside the host environment. 是指在其生活史过程中，必须过着寄生生活，离开宿主便不能生存的种类。 7..stenoxenous parasites(专一性寄生虫): organisms that inhabit in only one particular species of host. 有些寄生虫只寄生于一种特定的宿主，对宿主有严格的选择性，这种寄生虫叫做专一性寄生虫 8..Polyxenous parasites(多宿主寄生虫)： these are parasites that can infect more than one species of host. 有些寄生虫可寄生于多种动物。 9.Soil-borne parasites(土源性寄生虫)：parasites that are infected with soil,water or polluted food. Biological parasites(生物源性寄生虫)：parasites that are transmitted via intermediate host and vector. 9..Temporary(intermittent)parasites(暂时性寄生虫)：Parasites that live on the hosts for only a very short period of time in their life cycle. 指只在采食时才与宿主接触的寄生虫种类。 10..Permanent parasites(永久性寄生虫)： parasites whose every life cycle stages are dependent on the hosts,and whose life will terminate if being separated from the hosts. 是指寄生虫的各个生活阶段均不能离开宿主，否则便难以存活的寄生虫。 11..Opportunistic pathogenic parasites(机会致病性寄生虫)： parasites that do not cause any damages to the hosts under normal circumstances but will become有些寄生虫在宿主体内通常处于隐性感染状态，但当宿主免疫功能受损时，虫体出现大量的繁殖和强致病力，称为机会致病性寄生虫。 pathogenic when the immune function of the hosts is attacked or compromised. 12..concomitant immunity(带虫免疫)：AN immunity that acts against invading larval stages but not against existing infection. 13..Complete metamorphosis(完全变态): egg->larva->pupa->adult指从卵孵出的幼虫，幼虫在生长完成后，要经过一个不动不食的蛹期，才能变成有翅的成虫，这几个时期在形态上的生活习性上彼此不同。 14..Incomplete metamorphosis(不完全变态)：egg->larva->nymph->adult.昆虫在其发育过程中，经过幼虫蜕皮发育成若虫，若虫蜕皮发育成成虫，这几个阶段的重提的形态和生活习性都像是，这一过程称不完全变态。 15..Accidental or incidental parasites(偶然寄生虫): parasites that enter or attach to the body of a host species other than its normal one. 16...Intermediate hosts(中间宿主)： the hosts in which the larval stages or asexual stages of parasite develop and inhabit in.some parasites may need more than one intermediate hosts. 指寄生虫幼虫及无性生殖阶段所寄生的动物。 17..Final(definitive)hosts（终末宿主）： organisms in which the adults or sexual stages develop and parasitize. 寄生虫成虫及有性生殖阶段虫体所寄生的动物。 18..Paratenic or transport hosts(储藏或转运宿主)： those hosts in which no development of the parasite occurs but only an accumulation of the infectious stages;or involved in the transportation of parasites from one host to another. 宿主体内有寄生虫虫卵或幼虫存在，虽不发育繁殖，但保持着对易感动物的感染力的这种宿主。 19..Reservoir hosts(保虫宿主): organisms in which a parasite that is pathogenic to some other species lives and multiplies without doing serious damage to these organisms如果一种多宿主的寄生虫可以寄生于家畜和野生动物，从流行病学的角度看，野生动物被称之为这种家畜寄生虫的保虫宿主。 20..Vector(媒介): a transmitter of pathogens and parasites.Transmission mostly occur during blood sucking or 1 contamination of blood with cyst stages from faces of infected hosts. 脊椎动物宿主之间传播寄生虫疾病的一些低等动物，通常是指传播血液原虫病的吸血节肢昆虫。 Vector: vector is a transmitter of pathogenic parasites from host to host. 1 host tick：one-host tick where the entire parasitic development from larvae to adult takes place on one host. 2 host tick：two-host ticks where larvae and nymphs occour on one host and the adults on the another. 3 host tick：three-host ticks where each stage of development takes place on different hosts. 21..Host:is a larger organism that is parasitized by a parasite temporarily or permanently. 22.Infective stage(感染性阶段)：the development stage of parasites that can infect hosts. 23.Prepatent period(潜伏期)：the time taken for development from infection until mature adult parasites are producing eggs or larvae is known as the prepatent period. 24.带虫宿主(Carrying host)：宿主被寄生虫感染后，随着机体抵抗力的增强或药物治疗，处于隐性感染状态，体内仍存留有一定数量的虫体，这种宿主即为带虫宿主。 25.一宿主蜱：有些蜱的幼虫、若虫和成虫都在同一宿主体上发育，成虫吸饱血后才落地离开宿主，这类蜱称一宿主蜱。 23.完全变态：指从卵孵出的幼虫，幼虫在生长完成后，要经过一个不动不食的蛹期，才能变成有翅的成虫，这几个时期在形态上的生活习性上彼此不同。 1. 专性寄生虫：有些寄生虫只寄生于一种特定的宿主，对宿主有严格的选择性，如人的体虱只寄生与人，这种相互间都具有严格的特异性情况，称之为某种寄生虫是某种宿主的专性寄生虫。 2．终末宿主：成虫或有性繁殖阶段所寄生的宿主 3．不全变态：昆虫在其发育过程中，经过幼虫蜕皮发育成若虫，若虫蜕皮发育成成虫，这几个阶段的重提的形态和生活习性都像是，这一过程称不完全变态。 5．带虫者：某些寄生虫疾病治愈或康复后，宿主处于隐性感染的状态，宿主有对这些寄生虫的免疫力，但宿主仍有对这些寄生虫的免疫力，但宿主仍有一定数量的虫体，称这些宿主为带虫者。 13.感染性虫卵：寄生虫虫卵内的幼虫已发育到具感染力阶段。这种具有感染力的虫卵称为感染虫卵。 2 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/24aaa23028f90242a8956bec0975f46527d3a793.html