Japanese cultural project 日语文化项目
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A Brief Report of Japanese Loanword The phenomenon of using loanword in people’s daily conversation always happens in some countries which are good at absorbing other’s culture and language. To some extent, the emergence of loanword is an inevitable result of language communication between countries and countries. How and to what extent people using loanword indicates people’s acceptability of loanword. In terms of Japanese, with the internationalization development of the society, Japanese are greatly influenced by western language, especially English. Consequently, the percentage of loanword in Japanese increases progressively year by year.The report shows a brief picture of the loanword in Japanese society. The history and development of loanword, the features of loanword, and the usage and problem of loanword in Japanese will be discussed in this report. The emergence and development of loanword in Japanese The history of Japanese loanword can trace back to the 16th century. Portuguese were the first European who arrived to Japan. At that time,loads of Portuguese words appeared in Japanese daily talk. For example, ボタン（button）パン（bread）タバコ（tobacoo）イギリス（Britain）these words’ pronunciation are from Portuguese. After Meiji restoration, Japanese government took open door policy. The whole Japan society gave the rise of environment of learning advanced westerntechnology, science and culture.The new things like mushrooms after rain turned up in Japanese society. English as a new language was learned and used in Japanese. In some situations, it washard to find appropriate Japanese words to express English words accurately. Meanwhile, lots of new stuffs were introduced in Japan from western countries. Those items lacked of proper equivalent in Japanese. Consequently, Japanese used the similar pronunciation of katagana to represent the English words. Like words ピアノ(piano), テニス(tennis), ペン(pen). Apart from English words, Japanese absorbs various languages as loanwords. Take French as an example, some Japanese artists are eager to learn western painting, a number of French words related painting were brought to Japan, such asクレヨン (crayon),デッサン (sketch),アトリエ(studio). Some words from other languages like German, Italian, Hindi are also absorbed in Japanese. For instance, ルネサンス(renaissance),ヨガ(yoga) (Zhang, 2010).As time passes, the loanwords were frequently used and became idiomatic expressions in Japanese daily conversation. Nowadays, it seems that speaking and using loanword is a popular trend in Japanese society. Loanwords can be easily saw in advertisements, products, shop names and increasingly Japanese young people tend to speak loanwords which are fashion and diffuse rapidly. Due to the alive content and special form, loanwords has great effect on every aspects of common Japanese lives. The features and influence of Loanwords in Japanese. The communication of cultural and language leads to the appearance of loads of loanword. Japanese are adept in learning essence of other countries’ culture. In this process, not only the culture but also the language is brought to Japan. In some degree, the assimilation of culture promotes the development and usage of loanwords. Moreover, Japanese takes in the language and localizes the words, which gradually develop their own words. Hence, absorbency is a remarkable feature of Japanese Loanwords. Creativity is another feature of Japanese Loanwords. In terms of Japanese grammar and sentence structure, it is convenient to adopt the foreign language and words. Japanese is adherent language that most grammatical information is expressed by auxiliary word and termination. So it is easy for loanword to blend into Japanese. In Japanese, all loanwords are regarded as fixed words. Adding Japanese words “する” in the end of loanwords, the words become the verb. Such as “コーチする” (coach) “ダンスする” ( dance) , “デートする” (date).If adding“な”,“だ” or “に” in the end of loanwords, the part of speech of words will become adjective and adverb. For example, “ドライだ” (dry), “ビﾕ—テｲフルだ” (beautiful), “ソフトな”(soft) (Ma, 2005). Those loanwords create the new Japanese words, which enrich the Japanese as well as the Japanese culture. The usage and problem of loanwords in Japanese The increasingly number of Japanese people speak loanwords in daily life. With the rapid pace of Japanese society, more loanwords appear and are used in communication. The phenomenon paves the may for Japanese internationalization, which is conducive to close Japanese to the world. However, loanword may probably bring some problems. As the author mentioned, loanwords are popular among Japanese young people. They prefer to use Japanese katagana to spell loanwords. However, those new forms of words fail to obtain understanding by old Japanese people. Due to the different growing environment, the old people know little about the new loanwords. There is a huge obstacle of communication between the young and the old (Han, 2013). To sum up, loanwords plays an important part in Japanese language. It has a long history and develops with the change of time. Japanese are good at combining loanwords with their own language and create their own way to express. Loanwords is an effective form for Japanese promote the communication with other countries. Reference Han, B. (2013). “Intention and Effect of Loanwords in Japanese”. Japanese Research. Vol.27, No. 4 Ma, Y. Q. (2005). “On Naturalization of Loanwords in Japanese”. Journal of PLA university of Foreign Languages. Vol.28, No.3. Zhang, T. (2010). “Characteristics of Japanese Language and culture Reflects in its Loanwords”. Journal of university of science and technology Liaoning. Vol.33, No.6. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/2e405df5f021dd36a32d7375a417866fb84ac0fe.html