定稿:英语语法——主谓一致自主学习导学案

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英语语法——主谓一致自主学习导学案 谓语动词用复数形式。

【学习目标】 egThere _____ ( be )much water in the bottle. 1. 扎实掌握英语主谓一致各种类型的用法,提升自己的理解力。 Ten thousand tons of coal ______( be ) produced last year. 去年生产了一万吨煤。 2. 自主学习,合作探究;学会分析与总结的方法,并能学以致用。 3) 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。 3. 激情投入,疯狂记忆,体验学习的快乐。 egHelping others _____ ( be ) her great happiness. 【使用说明及学法指导】 4)主语从句及疑问副词/代词 + 不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数。

1. 老师引领学生积极动脑思考,结合所学知识自主构建关于主谓一致的知识体系。

Eg: When and where we will hold the meeting _____ ( be ) unknown. 2. 探究总结疑难点并学以致用。 我们何时何地举行会议还不知道。

3.完成时间40分钟。

How to work out the problem _____ ( be ) very easy. 【分层说明】

Whether they'll go ________ ( depend ) on the weather. A——全部掌握本学案内容

5) much , little , a little, only a little, quite a little, a great deal of, an amount of只能修饰B——掌握带内容

不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。 C——掌握带内容

Eg: A large amount of (A great deal of) damage __________ ( do ) in a very short time. 【主谓一致】 ()、谓语动词一定用要用复数的主语情况

1) 复数主语,谓语动词用复数。

一.基本概念:

egThey often play football on the playground. 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动

2) 由两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, 词对应的形式。

jeans, gloves 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 1. Both Jack and Tim ________( be )diving.

eg My glasses _____ ( be )on the desk. 我的眼镜在书桌上。 2. Neither Jack nor Tim ________( be ) walking.

【注意】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词,则谓语动词的单复数3. All of them ________( be ) diving.

形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。 4. None of them ________(know) how to teach English.

Eg Here _____ ( be ) some new pairs of shoes. 5. His family ________( be ) all music lovers.

My new pair of socks _____ ( be ) on the bed. 6. The cattle ________( be ) eating grass on the hill.

3) andboth…and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作二、主谓一致的基本用法:

主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 主谓一致的四大原则:

EgWhat I think and what I seek ______ ( have )been fairly reflected in my paper. 1. 语法一致原则,即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。

我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。 2. 意义一致原则,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致

注意】并列主语如果只有一个冠词,那么指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,3. 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语。

谓语动词用单数。有一些由and连接的固定组合,作为一个整体理解,谓语动词也用单4. 代词的指代一致原则,代词的指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方

数。 面与所指的词保持一致。

bread and butter 奶油面包 fork and knife 一副刀叉, 主谓一致——语法形式一致 egThe poet and writer _____ ( have ) come.

The poet and the writer _____ ( have) come.

(一)谓语动词一定用要用单数的主语情况

Bread and butter ______ ( be ) his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。 1) 单数主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。

Both bread and butter _______ ( be )sold out in that shop. 例如: Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

商店里的面包和黄油都卖光了。(两个事物) 2) 主语是不可数名词,用动词单数。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,

【注意1and连接的单数主语,前面有each, every, no, many a, more than a/one --


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等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 eg Over three-quarters of the land _______ ( have ) been reclaimed. 四分之三多的eg Every boy and girl _______ ( be ) treated in the same way. 土地已经收回了。 每个男孩和女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。 Two-thirds of the people present _______ ( be ) against the plan. 到场的三分之二的人Many a boy and many a girl _______ ( have ) seen it. 很多男孩和女孩都见过这个。 都反对这个计划。 In our country every boy and every girl _______ ( have )the right to receive education. 5) 定语从句。关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时,从句中谓语动词的在我们的国家,每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 单复数形式应与先行词一致。 No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩都不喜欢它。 eg "Keep cool" is the first of the rules that _______ ( be ) to be remembered in an

accident. 【注意2 each作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但若作主语的同位语,则要由名词

决定谓语动词。谓语动词仍用复数形式。 镇静是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。 eg The old workers and the young each _______ ( have )their own tools. 青老年工【注意】在“one of +the +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句人都各自有自己的工具。 谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)/the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单4) both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语,或它们所修饰的名词作主语时,谓数,如没有,就用复数形式。 语动词要用复数形式。 【比较】 Jack is one of the men who _______ ( be ) chosen to represent the eg There _______ ( be ) only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到100company. Jack是被选出来的公司代表之一。

Jack is the only one of the men who _______ ( be ) chosen to represent the company. 岁。

Both of them are in my class. 他们两个都在我的班里 Jack是唯一被选出来的公司代表。 三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定

主谓一致——意义一致原则

1) 当主语有with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 结构跟在主语后面. 谓语动词一定用要用单数的主语情况 时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致(就前原则) 1) “many a + 单数名词“more than one + 单数名词作主语,意义虽为许多Eg The teacher together with some students _______ ( be ) visiting the museum. 教师止一个,但谓语动词要用单数形式。 和一些学生在参观博物馆。 eg More than one student ______ ( have ) passed the examination. 不止一个学生通过The woman together with her daughter and son _______ ( sit ) on the sofa watching TV. 了这次考试。

Many a child _______ ( learn ) to swim before he can read. 那个女人和她的儿女坐在沙发上看电视。

All but one _______ ( be ) here just now. 许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。 刚才除了一个人都在这里了。 【注意】“more than + 基数词+复数名词“more +复数名词+ than one2) “the majority of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。 主语时,谓语用复数。 eg The majority of the damage _______ ( be ) easy to repair. 例如: More than twenty students _______ ( play ) football on the playground. 超过20

The majority of the students _______ ( like ) music. 学生在操场上踢足球。 3) plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heads of, loads of, scores of, most of, none of, rest of, More members than one _______ ( be ) against your plan. all of, part of, a quantity of 等,后面加上可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常不止一个成员反对你的计划。 of后面的名词/代词保持一致。 2 )表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整eg Most of his money _______ ( be ) spent on computer games. 体,谓语一般用单数。 There _______ ( be ) plenty of water in the bottle. eg Five dollars _______ ( be ) enough. 五美元够了。 There _______ ( be ) a large quantity of milk. 有很多牛奶。 Thirty miles is a long way to walk. 三十里地可是个不近的路程。 4) 如果名词词组中心词是分数或百分数 + of +the + 名词,谓语动词的单、复数形式 Three pints isn't enough to get him drunk. 三品脱还不至于把他灌醉。 取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。 二、谓语动词一定用要用复数的主语情况

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1) 集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽), clergy, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词Eg Either you or Mary ______( be ) to go. 不是你去,就是Mary去。

______( be ) neither you nor your father interested in swimming? 用复数。

Eg ________( be ) there any police around? 附近有警察吗? 你和你的父亲都不喜欢游泳吗? The police ______( be ) searching for a short dark man with a beard. Not only the switches but also the old wiring ______( have )been changed. 警察正在搜寻一位肤色黑、留胡子的矮个子男人。 不仅开关,连那些老化了电路都已经更换了。

What I say or what I think ______( be ) no business of yours. 2) a number of, quantities of, a variety of作主语,谓语动词要用复数形式。

【注意】“the number of + 名词复数的意思是“...的数量是,动词要用单数形式。 我所说的或者我所想的与你们没关系。 【注意】“a large quantity of”后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。 【注意】反意疑问句中,由neither … nor, not only … but also, either … or, not … but, eg A number of books ________( have ) lent out. 许多的书都借出去了。 or等连结的并列主语,其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。 The number of the students ______( be ) over 800. 例如: Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都没错,对吧? Quantities of food ______( be ) on the table. Both Tom and Ann came, didn't they? TomAnn都来了,是不是? There ______( be ) a large quantity of milk. 有很多牛奶。 【比较】“one or two + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。 3) “the + 形容词”(the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the dead, the sick, the brave “a/an + 单数名词 + or two”作主语,谓语动词用单数。 )作主语时,通常指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。 Eg:One or two students ______( have ) failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 eg The poor ______( be ) very happy, but the rich ______( be ) sad. A student or two ______( have ) failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

注意:某种情况下如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。 2) there be, here, where 句型的主语是多个事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一EgThe departed ______( be )a good friend of her. 死者是她的一位好友。 致。Eg: There ______( be ) two chairs and a desk in the office.

There ______( be ) a pencil, a knife and several books on the desk. 三、根据主语中名词的含义而定。

1) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如果它们作为一个集体单

代词的指代一致:

位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。

集体名词有:family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee, team, group, 1) 不定代词none, some, any, more, most, all等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由其指代government, union, firm, staff, public等词。 population 一词,当用作整体时,谓语动的词的单复数决定。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单词用单数;当用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。 数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。 Eg Her family ______( be ) very large. 他家成员不多。 eg All ______( be ) right. 一切顺利。 (all代表所有的事情) Her family ______( be ) music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 All ______( be ) present. 人都到齐了。 (all代表所有的人) The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population ______( be ) All of the work ______( have ) been finished. peasants. 中国的人口有13.6亿,70%是农业人口。 所有的工作都做完了。(all代表所有的事情,) 四、其他特定情况 All of the people ______( have ) gone. 所有的人都走了。 (all代表所有的人) 1) this kind of book=a book of this kind (这种书),作主语,谓语用单数; 2either, neither, each, one, the other, another, 以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复2) this kind of men = men of this kind , this kind of men的谓语用单数,men of this 合代词作主语时谓语用单数。 kind的谓语用复数; all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语用复数。 Eg: Neither ______( like ) the parents of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的父母。 eg This kind of men ______( be ) dangerous. 这种人很危险。 Each of them ______( have ) a radio. 他们每人都有收音机。

If anyone ______( call ), tell him I'll be back later. Men of this kind ______( be ) dangerous. 这种人很危险。"

There ______( be) something wrong with his bike. 他的自行车坏了。

主谓一致----就近一致原则

Each man and each woman ______( be ) praised by the teacher yesterday.

1) 由连词or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, nor, not...but等连接的并列昨天每个人都受到老师表扬。 主语,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

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