动词 一. 动词:表示动作或状态。 二. 种类: 1. be动词:is,am,are,was,were 2. 助动词:⑴be动词:用于现在/过去进行时,被动语态 ⑵do,does,did用于构成一般现在时/一般过去时 ⑶has,have,had用于构成现在完成时/过去完成时 ⑷ Will,shall,would,should,be going to 三. 行为/实义动词 1. 及物动词:直接加人或事物作宾语的动词。give,tell,teach,ask,eat 不及物动词:不能直接加人或事物作宾语的动词,若加宾语,借介词或副词。Look at/after/up/into/for,take away,put on/away/off,try on. 2. 延续性动词:run,cry, teach,study,learn. 非延续性动词/:buy,lend,finish,leave,close,open,join,borrow. 3. 情态动词 :有实义,不能单独作谓语,与实义动词一起作谓语。 Can, may,must,might,could,need,have to, dare,be able to, will,shall, should,would,had better,ought to,be supposed to.只加动原 4. 连系动词:有实义,不能单独作谓语,与名词,形容词,动词不定式,现在分词,动名词,介词短语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征。 口诀:一是(be),一觉(feel),一好像(seem)。 四个起来(look 看起来,sound听起来,smell 闻起来,taste尝起来)四个变得(get,become,turn,go) Seem的用法:主+seems/seemed+adj. 主+seems/seemed+to do sth. It+seems/seemed+that 从句 Eg.He seems a little unhappy.= He seems to be a little unhappy=It seems that he is a liitle unhappy. 种类: 状态系动词:be 持续系动词:keep,remain,stay 表象系动词:seem,appear,look 感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,taste 变化系动词:become,get,turn,go,grow 5. 感官动词:一感(feel),二听(listen to,hear),四看(look at,see,watch,notice) 使役动词:三使(let,make,have)+sb.+do sth. Get sb.+to do sth. 四. 接双宾语的及物动词: 1.主+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)=主 +vt.+st.+to sb. award,bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,pass,post,return,send,sell,serve,show,teach,tell,write,give,kick 2.主+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)=主 +vt.+st.+for sb. book,buy,choose,cook,make,draw,fix,order,fetch,pick,prepare,sing,steal 五. 非谓语短语:不能作谓语,只能做宾语,主语,定语,状语,宾语补足语,表语。 种类:动词不定式,现在分词,动名词,过去分词 动词不定式 to do 现在分词 doing 动名词 doing 过去分词 done 现在分词,动名词的区别: 相同点:由动词变化而成的,保留了动词的某些特征,作宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分 Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful . (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的. She hates speaking in the public. (动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话. 不同点: 1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语 ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词, 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试①a swimming boy和a swimming suit 前者“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。 a swimming pool一个游泳池; a walking stick一根拐棍 ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。 3、动名词可作实义动词或介词的宾语,动名词起名词作用,作主语、宾语、定语和表语。现在分词起形容词作用,作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语; (一)只能接动词不定式作宾语的实义动词 afford(承担),aid(援助),appear(出现),agree,arrange(安排),expect(期待),hope,fail,happen(碰巧),help,offer(提供),plan,prepare,pretend(假装), promise(许若),refuse(拒绝),seem,wish,manage(设法),can’t wait(迫不急待),want,would like,take actions ,take measuers, decide,be able to,be used to do(被用于),used to do(过去常常) (二)只能接动词不定式作宾语补足语的实义动词 主+及物动词+sb.+to do ask,tell,advise(建议),allow(允许),beg(乞讨),cause(导致),encourage(鼓励),force(强迫),expect(期待),forbid(禁止),hate,get,invite(邀请),like,need,warn(警告),wish,help,teach,want,would like,promise(许若),remind(提醒), (三)只能接动名词作宾语的实义动词 Like,spend,aviod(避免),be busy(忙于),imagine(想象),can’t stand(无法忍受),can’t help(情不自禁),feel like,finish,practise(练习),miss,suggest(建议),keep on(继续/坚持),mind,be worth,consider(考虑),be good at/do well in, be interested in,insist on(坚持),be used for,thank sb.for,be tired of(厌倦),be afraid of(害怕),put off(推迟),stop sb.from(阻止),give up(放弃),think of/about,how/what about 此to为介词, 非彼to不定式 Look forward to 盼望, pay attention to 注意到 be used to 习惯于 Prefer...to ...比起.....更喜欢..... devote to致力于 make a contribution to为......做贡献 区别下列词组 see sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程) see sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) hear sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程) hear sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) watch sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程) watch sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) notice sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程) notice sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) remember/forget to do sth.(要做未做) remember/forget doing sth.(已做过) stop/go on to do sth.(不同的两件事) stop /go on doing sth.(同一事) 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/4025b6aefbc75fbfc77da26925c52cc58bd6902b.html