1. Free morphemes: 自由语素a morphemes that can stand alone.或者a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word. 2. Boud morphemes:黏着语素 a morphemes that must occur with at lease one other morpheme. 3. Back-formation: 逆生法。is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. 4. Allomorph:语素变体 the phonetic variant of a morpheme in a particular language.或者one of the variants of the same morpheme 5. conversion: 转换法 is the formation of new words by converting words from one word-class to another word-class. 或者Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 6. blending 拼缀法 is the formation of new words by combining pasts of two words or word plus a part of anther word .如;smog---smoke +fog. 7. Semantic field:语义场Semantic field theory is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as a system of interrelated lexical networks. The words of a semantic field are joined together by a common concept, and they are likely to have a number of collocations in common. 8. semantic motivation : 语义理据Semantic motivation refers to motivation based on semantic factors and it is usually provided by the figurative usage of words. 9. conceptual meaning:概念意义。the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. 10.lexical meaning:the meaning of a word that depends on the nonlinguistic concepts it is used to express 11.affective meaning: 情感意义is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer. 12.semantic transfer词义迁移 figures of speech 13 Metonymy 转喻It is a figure of speech by which an object or idea is described by the name of something closely related to it. 14.synecdoche.提喻A figure of speech by which a part is put for tha whole ,the whole for the part ,species for genus,the genud for the species or the name of the material for the dhing made . 15: Extra-linguistic context:语言之外的环境 Extra-linguistic context refers not only to the actual speech situation in which a word is used but also to the entire cultural background against which a word, or an utterance or a speech event is set. 16:polysemy :一词多义 Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. 17.Homophone :同音异义词Words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called homophones. 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/5eac98db43323968001c9241.html