英语单词常用前缀和后缀
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英语单词常用前缀和后缀 前缀 一.表示否定的前缀 1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disabled(有残疾的) disadvantage(缺点)disagree(不同意) disarm(解除武装)disconnect(失去联系) 2.in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的), inactive(不积极的), informal(非正式的), infamous( 声名狼藉的), 3.im-加在字母m, b, p之前 impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impatient(没耐心的) 4.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfortunate(不幸的), unhappy(不高兴的), unlucky(不幸运的), unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的) 5.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-violence(非暴力),non-electrical(非电的) 6.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misuse(误用,滥用), misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导), 7.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争的),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antifreeze(防冻剂) 二.表示“前before”的前缀 1.pre- preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) prefix(前缀), preposition(介词). 2.fore- forehead(前额),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言) 3.ex- ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻) 三.表示“后-post”的前缀 1.post- post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午) 四.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀 1.re- repeat(重复),rebirth(重生),retranslate(再译),rebuild(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回) 五.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀 1.co- co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校), 六.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀 1.inter- international(国际的), interchangeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的) 七.其它的前缀 1.auto-自动 automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传) 2.mal-坏,恶 malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待) 3.micro- microscope(显微镜),Microsoft(微软),microtome(切片机),microwave(微波) 4.tele-远 telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),tele-education(远程教育), 5.demi-, semi- hemi- semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) 6.bi-, di- 二 biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物),bicycle(自行车) 7.tri-三 triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),tricycle(三轮车), trilogy(三部曲) 8.multi-多 multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multimedia(多媒体), multi-gym(多功能健身器) 9.trans-通过,横过 transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透 1 明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植) 10.com-,con-, cor-, col-共同,和,完全 comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著) 11.en-,em-往……里,使…… encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),empower(给。。。的权力) 12.deci-,deca-十 decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克) 13.centi-百 centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣) 14.milli-千 millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米) 15.kilo-千 kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米) 16.mini-小的,短的 bus(公共汽车)—minibus( 小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt 17.mid中间的 day(天, 白天)—midday(正午) night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜) 后缀 一.名词后缀 1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)ee 意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor employee(职工, 雇员, 店员)interviewee(被接见者, 被访问者) 2.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 3.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation 9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless 3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly 2 4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish 6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical 10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory 11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.) 例词:happily, boldly,strangely 2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s) 练习巩固题。(猜猜下列单词的意思) 1.antinuclear 2.antiwar 3.coexist 4.dishonest 5.multipurpose 6.childish 7.hopeless 8.painless 9.childlike 10.discontinue 11.disremember 12.discomfort 13.forearm 14.foreknow 15.impure 16.impersonal 17.imbalance 18.incomplete 19.insensible 20.inhuman 21injustice 22.informal 23.prehistory 24.preschool 25.prefix 26.predawn 27.prehuman 28.reprint 29.reproduction 30.rearm 31.rebuilt 32.rebirth 33.reexamination 34.remarry 35.restart 36.reconsider 37.trainee 38.payee 39.mouthful 40.cupful 3 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/863079aeb14e852459fb5759.html