英语单词常用前缀和后缀

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英语单词常用前缀和后缀

前缀 一.表示否定的前缀

1dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disabled(有残疾的) disadvantage(缺点)disagree(不同意) disarm(解除武装)disconnect(失去联系)

2in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的), inactive(不积极的), informal(非正式的), infamous( 声名狼藉的),

3im-加在字母m, b, p之前 impossible(不顺能的)impolite(不礼貌的)impatient(没耐心的) 4un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfortunate(不幸的), unhappy(不高兴的), unlucky(不幸运的), unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)

5non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在)non-violence(非暴力)non-electrical(非电的) 6mis-加在动词、名词之前 misuse(误用,滥用), misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判)misleading(误导) 7anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争的)anti-social厌恶社会的,反社会的)antifreeze(防冻剂)

“前before”的前缀

1pre- preconception(成见)pre-existing(先于……而存在的)pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) prefix(前缀), preposition(介词). 2fore- forehead(前额)foreman(工头,领班)foresee(预见,先见)foretell(预言) 3ex- ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻)

“后-post”的前缀

1post- post-war(战后)post-position(后置词)postmeridian(下午)

四.表示“回”“再次”“向后”的前缀

1re- repeat(重复)rebirth(重生),retranslate(再译)rebuild(加强)reconstruct(重建)return(返回)

五.表示“共同”“和”的前缀

1co- co-exist(共存)co-operate(合作)co-education(男女同校),

六.表示“相互”“之间”的前缀

1inter- international(国际的), interchangeable(可互换的)interdependent(互相依靠的)

七.其它的前缀

1auto-自动 automatic(自动的)autobiography(自传) 2mal-坏,恶 malnutrition(营养不良)maltreat(虐待) 3micro- microscope(显微镜)Microsoft(微软)microtome(切片机),microwave(微波) 4tele- telegram(电报)telephone(电话)telescope(望远镜)tele-education(远程教育), 5demi-, semi- hemi- semi-circle(半圆)hemisphere(半球)demilune(半月,新月) 6bi-, di- biyearly(二年一次的)biweekly(二周一次的)dichloride(二氯化物),bicycle(自行车) 7tri- triangle(三角)tripod(三角架),tricycle(三轮车), trilogy(三部曲) 8multi- multi-colored(颜色多样的)multi-national(多国的),multimedia(多媒体), multi-gym(多功能健身器)

9.trans-通过,横过 transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录)translation(翻译)transparent(透明的)transport(运输)trans-plant(移植)

10com-,con-, cor-, col-共同,和,完全 comment(评论)compile(编辑)correlation(相互关系)collect(收集)corruption(贪污腐败)collaborate(合作,合著) 11en-,em-往……里,使…… encamp(扎营)enable(使……能)endear(使……受喜爱),empower(给。的权力)

12deci-,deca- decimal(十进位的)decagramme(十克) 13centi- centimeter(厘米)centipede(蜈蚣)

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14milli- millenias(千年的)millimeter(毫米) 15kilo- kilowatt(千瓦)kilometer(千米)

16.mini-小的,短的 bus(公共汽车)minibus 小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)miniskirt 17.mid中间的 day(天, 白天)—midday(正午) night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)

后缀 一.名词后缀

1-ster-eer-eroree 意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人person engaged in an occupation or activity例词:gamestergangstersongsterengineerprofiteermountaineerauctioneerdriverteacherdirectoractorprofessor employee(职工, 雇员, 店员)interviewee(被接见者, 被访问者) 2-ness-ityty意为:状态,品质statequalityetc例词:happiness usefulnessselfishnesskindnessrapidityactivitysanitychangeability

3-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine ofpractice of)例词:idealism impressionismabsenteeismracism

4-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actresspoetesshostess 5-hood意为:时期(statusetc)例词:boyhoodchildhoodmanhood

6-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等skillstateconditionstatusquality例词:leadershipfriendshipmembershiplectureshipsportsmanship

7-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupfulhandful mouthfulspoonful 8-tion-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(stateactionetc)例词:actionoppressionpossessioneducationstarva- tion 2)机构等(institutionetc)例词: organizationfoundation 9-ment意为:状态,行动等(state actionetc)例词:movementenslavementpavement 10-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrivalrefusalrevivalrecitalremoval 11-age意为:程度,数量等extent amountetc例词:wastagecoverage acreageshrinkagebreakagehostage

二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

1-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn intoto make or become)例词:beautify diversifysimplify 2-ize-en意为:使……,变得……to make or become to make into例词:modernizepopularizelegalizehospitalizesymbolizeripenwidenheightenthreaten

3-ate意为:增加,使……give or addmake or become例词:originate hydrogenatevalidatedifferentiate

三、形容词后缀

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

1-ful意为:充满,有(full ofhav- inggivingetc)例词:usefulpitiful hopefulhelpfulforgetfulthankful fearful

2-less意为:没有,无(withoutnot giving)例词:speechlesschildlessharmlesshopelessmeaningless 3-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastlymanlybrotherlyfriendly 4-like为:像……的(like)例词: childlikestatesmanliketiger-like

5-y-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meatysandy silkyhairyleafywateryfoolishgirlish

6-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(likecausing having the quality of)例词:troublesomewholesometiresomebothersome

7-ableible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be capable)例词: changeablereadabledrinkablecomfortableexpansibleconvincible 8-ed意为:有……的(havingetc)例词:woodedpointedmoneyed odd-shaped

9-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature oftypical of)例词:culturalpersonalregionalmusical 10-aryory意为:属于……的,与……相连的belonging toconnected with例词:revolutionaryimaginary contradictory

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11-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full ofhaving the quality oflike)例词:gloriouserroneousmaliciousgracious

12-icical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical ofbelonging to)例词: historichistoricalmethodicmethodicaldramaticheroic 13-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的having the nature or quality ofgiven or tending to例词:attractive talkativerestrictivedefensivepreventiveconstructivesensitive

四、副词后缀

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manneretc 例词:happily boldlystrangely

2-wards)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onwardsbackwardsearthwardshomewardseastwards

练习巩固题。(猜猜下列单词的意思)

inuclear 2.antiwar 3.coexist 4.dishonest

5.multipurpose 6.childish 7.hopeless 8.painless

9.childlike 10.discontinue 11.disremember 12.discomfort

13.forearm 14.foreknow 15.impure 16.impersonal

17.imbalance 18.incomplete 19.insensible 20.inhuman

21injustice 22.informal 23.prehistory 24.preschool

25.prefix 26.predawn 27.prehuman 28.reprint

29.reproduction 30.rearm 31.rebuilt 32.rebirth

33.reexamination 34.remarry 35.restart 36.reconsider

37.trainee 38.payee 39.mouthful

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