高二英语学业水平考试例题
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高二英语学业水平考试例题 高二英语Unit19 总复习重点句及词组考查 高二英语Unit19 The Merchant of Venice总复习重点句及词组考查 Section I 课前准备、听力、口语 1. Deny your father, and refuse your name… 否认你的父亲，拒绝你的名字。(p.65 Warming up ) ▲ deny (denied，denying) (1) vt. 否认，不承认Can you deny the truth of his statement? 你能否认他的声明的真实性吗? He denied telling me／that he had told me. 他否认告诉过我。 注意：deny后跟动名词或跟宾语从句作宾语。 (2) vt. 不给；不准 I was denied the chance of going to college. 不给我上大学的机会。 (3) vt. (正式)抛弃；背弃He has denied his country and his principles! 他背弃了他的国家和他的原则1 ▲ refuse (refused，refusing) (1) vt. 拒绝；不接受；不肯He asked her to marry him, but she refused (to marry him). 他向她求婚，但是她拒绝了。She refused his offer. 她不接受他的求婚。 (2) refuse还可跟动词不定式构成refuse +to do；也可用于被动结构。She refused to go home. 她不回家。They were refused admittance. 他们被拒绝入内。 (3) vi. 拒绝 He can't refuse if you ask politely. 你如果礼貌地请求，他是不会拒绝的。 注意：refuse只接不定式，不接动名词，不接不定式的复合宾语结构，也不接宾语从句，如：不说，He refused me to go (going) there. 而应说：He didn't allow me to go there 或 He refused to let me go. 他不让我去那儿。 辨析：refuse与reject refuse和reject都有“拒绝”的意思，有时可以通用，有时用法又不同。refuse强调坚定地拒绝，后可接动词不定式。reject强调当前拒绝对方的请求、提议的情况，一般后面不接动词不定式。如：He refused to speak at the meeting. 他拒绝在会上发言。He rejected my request. 他当面拒绝了我的要求。 Section II 阅读 2. As far as I know… 据我所知… (p. 67 Useful expressions) as far as的用法和意思 ▲ as far as或so far as，此处意为“据”“就…‘尽”，常与动词know，see等词连用。如： ① As far as they know, the room is empty. 据他们所知，房间是空的。② So far as I can judge, she is quite efficient. 据我判断，她的工作效率是相当高的。③ There aye no mistakes as far as I can see. 在我看来没什么错误。④ So far as 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 1 页 共 14 页 I know, their work is far from satisfactory. 据我所知，他们的工作并不令人满意。 【注】类似的用法还有：as far as sb. / sth. is concerned，意思是“就某人 ／某事而言”“对某人／某事来说”。如：① As far as I am concerned, it's all nonsense.在我看来，这全是一派胡言。② This has been a difficult period as far as the country's economy is concerned. 就我国经济而言，最近是其困难时期。 【注】也可以用as far as sth. goes。如：① so far as content goes, it is all right.就内容而言，这还不错。② It's a perfectly good law as far as it goes, but it doesn't deal with the real problems．该法就其本身而言非常不错，但是它未解决实际问题。 【注】 as far as的原意是“到达”“一直到”。如：① The flood waters came as far as the roof. 洪水一直漫到屋顶。② They didn't go as far as we. 他们走得不如我们远。 3. The way I would go about it… 我要做这件事的方法… (p. 67 Useful expressions) ▲ go about的用法 (1) go about此处意为“从事于……” “进行……”。如：① You are not going about it the right way. 你的做法不对。② Peter has no idea how to go about finding a better job.彼得不知道怎样才能找到更好的工作。③ Bobby is going about his homework very seriously tonight. 博比今天晚上在非常认真地做功课。④ How will you go about building the bird home? 你打算怎样着手建鸟舍? (2) go about可作“流传”解释，此时about是副词，后面不需要跟宾语。如：① There are a lot 0f colds going about now.目前感冒传染很厉害。② A story is going about that there will be another party on the 15th of August. 据说八月十五日要举行另一次聚会。③ The rumor is going about that John and Mary are getting married. 谣传约翰和玛丽要结婚了。 (3) go about还有“到处走走”之意，此处about也是副词，相当于around。如：① People are going about more now that the weather's better. 因为天气热些了，人们外出增多了。② Is it dangerous to go about bareheaded when it's mining? 下雨的时候光着头到处走有危险吗? ③ Mother is much better, thank you, she's able to go about a bit more. 谢谢你，母亲好多了，她已能更多地走动了。 4. Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. 宽恕Antonio吧，Shylock. (p. 67 Reading 第二行) have mercy on sb. 宽恕某人 ▲ mercy n. 仁慈、怜悯、宽恕 She has mercy on little animals. 她怜悯小动物。They showed little mercy to their enemies. 他们对敌人毫不仁慈。 (1) 这一意思也可以用show mercy to sb. 或give mercy to sb. 表示。如：① Have mercy on me. 饶了我吧!② They showed mercy to the defeated enemy. 他们饶恕了被打败的敌人。③ In Iraq, the American soldiers had no mercy on the prisoners of war. 在伊拉克，美军士兵对战俘毫无怜悯之意。④ The judge showed mercy to him. 法官宽恕了他。 (2) mercy也可作可数名词，这时意为“幸运的事”“值得感激的事”。如：① What a mercy he escaped the fire!他从火里逃生，真是幸运。② He is thankful for small mercies. 他对小恩小惠也很感激。③ It was a mercy that she wasn't seriously injured. 谢天谢地，她没有受重伤。 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 2 页 共 14 页 注意：表示被动意义时可以说：We were given no mercy. 我们没有得到宽恕。No mercy was shown to the prisoners. 对囚犯毫不宽恕。 联想：(复) mercies (同) charity, grace 拓展：at he mercy of 任由……摆布，在……掌握之中; have mercy on ／ upon sb. ／ sth. = show mercy to sb. / sth. 对……表示同情；对……有怜悯之心; without mercy 毫不留情地 5. I’ve promised to take my pound of flesh.我说过一定要拿走我的那一磅肉。(p. 67 Reading 第三行) ▲ promise (1) vt. 答应，允诺约定I don't remember I ever promised that. 我不记得我答应过这件事。 (2) vt. promise + to + v. (原型) I never promised to obey her commands. 我从未答应过要服从她的命令。 (3) vt. promise + n. / pron. + n. / pron. She promised me a gift for my birthday. 她答应送我一件生日礼物。 (4) vt. promise + that从句He promised that he would come. 他答应来。 (5) n. 诺言、约定Give me your promise that you'll never do that again. 答应我你永远不要再干那种事。 联想：promise n. 诺言、约定、预示; promiser n. 做出诺言的人。 拓展：make a promise 做出承诺，允诺; keep one's promise遵守诺言; break one's promise食言 6. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock. 跟夏洛克讲理是没有用的。(p. 67 Reading 第七行) ▲ It's useless + doing是一固定句型，意思是“做某事没有用处”。 拓展：It's useless / no use / no good + v.-ing做某事没有用处 (好处) It's no use quarreling with her. 跟她吵架没有用。It's of no use arguing about it. 争论这事没有用。It's no good crying over spilt milk. 后悔是没有用的。(谚语)覆水难收。Is it any good just crying? 光哭有什么用呢? 7. You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea. 你到不如站在海滩上跟大海讲理。 (p. 67 Reading 第七行) ▲ may / might / just / could as well do sth. (as do sth. else) 意思是“还是……的好”“倒不如”“干脆”“不妨”。如：① If that's the case, I may as well try. 如果真是那样的话，我不妨试试。② I may as well admit that I knew the answer all along. 我干脆承认了吧，我早就知道答案。③ The weather was so bad we might as well have stayed home. 天气这样糟糕，我们还不如呆在家里呢。④ Anyway, you're here; you might as well stay. 反正你已经来了，最好还是住在这儿吧! ⑤ I might as well tell you the truth. 我不妨告诉你真相。 ⑥ I'll come with you if you like; I might as well.如果你愿意，我就和你一起去，我无所谓。⑦ If I've got to go somewhere, I may as well go to Birmingham. 如果我非得到什么地方去的话，我还是去伯明翰的好。 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 3 页 共 14 页 8. Pass judgment on me and give Shylock what he wants. 对我审判吧，把夏洛克想要的东西给他把。(p. 67 Reading 第八行) ▲ pass judgment (opinion) on sb. / sth. pass judgment (opinion) on sb. / sth. 对……进行评价(批评)，此处表示“作出判决”。如：① It's very hard to pass judgment on yourself. 对自己作出评价是很难的。② The voters will pass judgment on the government tonight. 选民们今晚得对政府作出评价。③ It's difficult to pass judgment on the affair when we know so little about what happened. 对发生的情况了解这么少，要作出判断是困难的。④ I can't pass my opinion on your works without examining it thoroughly.不仔细看，我不能对你的作品提出意见。 【注】 也可以说make one's judgment on / about / of sb. / sth．。如：① I shall make my own judgment on the matter when I see the results.看了结果后我将自作评价。 ② I don't really want to make any judgments on the decisions they made. 我真的不想对他们作出的决定作任何评价。 9. If you offered me six times what you have just offered,… 你愿意给我六倍于刚才你提出的那个钱数，… (p. 67 Reading 第十行) ▲ 动词offer的用法 (1) offer有“主动提出”“提供”之意，表示提供一种东西或提出一项建议。如：① The young man offered the old woman his won seat. 那个年轻人要把自己的座位让给老大娘。② They offered him a job at the factory, but he refused.他们提出在工厂给他安排工作，但他拒绝了。 ③ They offered a reward for the return of the jewel that had been lost.他们悬赏寻找失去的珠宝。④ It began to rain, so I offered her my umbrella, but she would not take it. 天开始下雨，所以我把雨伞拿给她用，但她不要。 (2) offer表示“出价”，与介词for连用，后接某事物。如：① I offered him thirty thousand dollars for the house. 我向他出价三万美元买这幢房子。② They offered their boat for sale for 2000 dollars. 他们把船拿来出售，索价两千美元。③ They offered him 3000 pounds for the computer. 他们愿意出三千镑来买他这台计算机。④ They offered two hundred francs for the right to reproduce the painting.他们愿意出二百法郎取得这幅画的复制权。 【注】offer后接价钱，表示主语愿买；后接事物，表示主语愿出售该事物，请比较例句①～④。 (3) offer既可作动词也可作名词用，不论作何种词，后面均可跟动词不定式。如：① He offered to lend me some books.他主动提出要借一些书给我。② Thank you for your kind offer to lend me some books.谢谢你好心借给我这些书。③ Thank you for your offer to help us. 谢谢你表示愿意帮助我们。④ He offered to drive us to the station, but we preferred to walk there. 他说他可以开车送我们去车站，但我们宁愿走着去。 ▲ 倍数的表示方法 times作“倍数”解释时，是可数名词，用times表示“A是B的几倍大 (或高、长、宽、深等)”“A比B大(或高、长、宽、深等)几倍”，常见的句型如下： (1) A is three (four... etc ) times the size (height，length，width，depth，etc) of B。如: ① The new bridge is four times the width of the old one.这座新桥是旧桥的四倍宽。② The meeting room is three times the size of the classroom.会议室是教室的三倍大。③ The tower is three times the height of the building.这座塔是那座楼房的高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 4 页 共 14 页 三倍高。④ The river is five times the depth of the brook. 这条河是那条小溪的五倍深。 (2) A is three (four... etc) times as big (high，long，wide，deep，etc) as B。如: ① Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。② This box is three times as heavy as that one.这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。③ This new highway is three times as wide as the old one. 新公路是旧公路的三倍宽。④ The classroom is four times as big as our dormitory.教室是我们寝室的四倍大。 (3) A is three (four…etc) times bigger (higher，longer，wider，deeper etc) than B. 如：① The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.会议室比我们办公室大三倍(会议室是我们办公室的四倍大)。② Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 【注】用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍不用two times，而用twice或double。如：① My income is now double what it was.我的收入是以前的两倍。② Now the number of sheep is more than double that of 1990.现在羊的数目是一九九。年的两倍多。 10. … I would still take my pound of flesh. 我还是要拿回我应得的那一磅肉。(p. 67 Reading 第十行) flesh: (1) 肌肉，肉A fat man has a great deal of flesh. 胖子肉多。(2) 肉体 The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。 辨析：flesh与meat的区别 (1) flesh和meat都解释为肉，但涵义有所不同，flesh指人和动物身上的肉，如指食用肉，则来指兽类的肉，不包括鱼禽类的肉。如：① Mr Green is losing flesh.格林先生瘦了。② Have you ever tasted the flesh of the snake? 你尝过蛇肉吗? ③ You should get up early and do some exercise. Otherwise, you'll put on flesh. 你应该早起锻炼，否则会发胖的。④ The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和泥土砌成的，而且是由几百万人的血肉所组成的。 (2) meat指供食用的肉，是兽类肉的总称；如pork，mutton，beef可统称为meat；有时也指植物的肉。如：the meat of an apple。① What kind of meat is it? 这是什么肉? ② I like meat while my brother likes fish. 我喜欢吃肉，而我弟弟喜欢吃鱼。 【注】 meat是不可数名词，“一块肉”是a piece of meat；“一磅肉”是a pound of meat, 我们看到的meats是指多种肉。 11. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 夏洛克，如果你对别人一点都不仁慈，你自己怎么能希望得到别人对你的仁慈呢？(p. 67 Reading 第十三行) ▲ hope for hope for意为“希望”“盼望。如：① Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望，作最坏的准备。② After this dry weather，people all hope for rain.经过了这段干旱，人们普遍希望下雨。③ We hope for better weather soon.我们希望天气尽快好转。④ This time they really hoped for better results. 这次他们的确希望取得较好的成果。⑤ How I hoped for his speedy recovery! 我多么希望他早日康复啊! ⑥ That would be too much to hope for. 那是期望过高了。 【注】hope后不能跟名词，但可以跟介词短语。如“盼望下雪”，不能 说成hope snow，而应该说hope 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 5 页 共 14 页 for snow；hope可以跟不定式作宾 语，但不定式不能作宾语补足语。例如我们不能说I hope you to come soon，而应该说I hope that you'll come soon。 辨析：hope for；wish for与long for 这三个词组都可作“希望、愿望”讲，但含义略有区别： ① hope for指盼望得到好的或有好结果，这种希望或能实现或实现不了。 ② wish for常指想拥有很难得到的东西。 ③ long for指强烈的愿望或渴望，语气最强。 How I wish for a pair of wings! 我多么希望有一双翅膀啊! How he longs for a sense of being able to do things! 他多么渴望有能力办成事情啊! 拓展：pay for 为……付钱；fight for 为……而战；for all 尽管；for good 长期地；for nothing 不收费 12. I desire my pound of flesh. 我想要我的那一磅肉。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第六行) ▲ desire的用法 (1) desire意为“期望”“想”“希望”，后接名词或代词。如: ① All he desired then was some spare time for study. 那时候他想的只是有些空余时间进行学习。② I desire rest after such a long walk.在那么长的散步后，我很想休息一下。③ The stranger said that he desired an interview. 那个陌生人说他希望受到接见。④ He couldn't well express his feelings however much he desired it.他没法恰当地表达出他的感情，不管他多么想这样做。 (2) desire后可跟不定式作宾语。如: ① She had never desired to do anything like that. 她从来没希望做这样的事。② There are a number of things that I desire to say. 有几件事我想讲一下。③ She desires to go south. 她希望去南方。④ There's one small point which I should desire to clear up. 有一个小问题我想澄清一下。 (3) desire偶尔也可跟不定式作宾语补足语。如:① What do you desire me to do? 你希望我做什么? ② They desired him to go there at once.他们希望他马上到那里去。 (4) desire也可作“请求”“要求”解释，后面接宾语从句。在从句中常用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形。如：① He desired that all letters should be burnt after his death.他请求在他死后把全部信件烧掉。② She desired that you should go and see her at once. 她请你马上去见她。③ The doctor desired that we should wait. 医生请求我们等一等。 ④ The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.老师要求所有的作业在放学前交出。 13. Enter Portia, dressed as the judge. 鲍西亚走进法庭，穿着法官制服。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第五行) ▲ dress的一种用法: 在本课中作“打扮自己”解释，常用于短语dress up as sb. 或 dress up for sth.。如: ① They all dress up as PLA men.他们都打扮成解放军模样。② The little boy likes to dress himself as a policeman. 这小男孩喜欢扮成警察。③ They tried to dress him up as a "national hero".他们想把他打扮成一个“民族英雄”。④ She dressed up in Elizabeth costumes for the fancy dress ball. 她穿上伊丽莎白时代的服装去参加化装高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 6 页 共 14 页 舞会。⑤ Mary Was dressed up to play Cinderella. 玛丽化好装，扮演灰姑娘。 14. Greetings, learned judge! I do not envy you your job.您好，博学的法官，我并不嫉妒您的工作。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第四行) ▲ greetings (1) greeting的意思是“问候语…‘招呼(或动作)”，包括Hello / Hi / Good morning (after noon，evening) / Welcome / How are you等见面时的问 候，也包括在节日致以的问候，如Merry Christmas / Happy New Year /Happy birthday等，在本课中，直接用Greetings是一种非常正式的问候语，用在极为正式的场合说话者带有一种很恭敬的语气的情景中。如：① "Greetings, Reverend" he said respect- fully. 他恭敬地说：“牧师，您好”。 (2) greetings可表示“祝愿”“祝贺”“问候语”，如我们常看到的圣诞卡片上的词语Season's Greetings致节日的问候、birthday greetings生日贺词、Christmas Greetings圣诞快乐以及greeting card贺卡等。 ▲ envy (1) 羡慕；嫉妒 My success excited his envy. 我的成功引起了他的嫉妒。(2) vt. 嫉妒；羡慕 常用予 v.+ n. / pron. 或 v. + n. / pron. + n. / pron. (双宾) 结构。John envied his friend's success. 约翰嫉妒朋友的成功。I envy you your good fortune. 我羡慕你的好运。 注意：① envy后接两个宾语时，这两个宾语都是直接宾语，都可以直接和动词连用。② envy后不接从句。③ envy作名词时，其后接介词at或of。如：The boy’s new toy was the envy of his friends. 这个男孩的新玩具是他的朋友妒忌的对象。 ▲ envy也可以作名词用，为不可数名词，后接介词at，of或toward。① They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.他们是出于忌妒才讲了你那么多的坏话。 ② He felt envy at my success.他羡慕我的成功。③ His envy of his brother soon turned into jealousy. 他对哥哥的羡慕很快变成了忌妒。 辨析：envy与jealousy 这两个词都有“嫉妒”的意思。jealousy着重对别人占有的东西恼恨不满。envy着重由于别人获得了自己本想获得的东西或成就而产生不快。如：His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy. 他对弟弟的嫉妒很快变成了恼恨。 联想：admire 钦佩、赞赏；envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的；enviously adv. 羡慕地；嫉妒地 15. This is a most troublesome case. 这是一个非常麻烦的案子。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第三行) ▲ most (1) most adv. 常与两个音节以上的 adj. 或 adv. 构成最高级；adj. 最高级要加定冠词the，而adv. 最高级前可加可不加the。如：This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 这是我所看到的最有趣的电影。 She works (the) most carefully in her office. 她是办公室里工作最仔细的。 (2) adv. 最 What people like most about the doctor is his kindness. 人们最喜欢这医生的一点是他很和蔼。 (3) (用于强调)非常；得 She was a most beautiful woman. 他是个很美丽的女人。 (4) adj. 几乎全部的，大多数的。He has visited most countries in Europe. 他访问过欧洲大多数国家。 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 7 页 共 14 页 (5) n. 几乎全部，大部分 I was in London most of the time. 大部分时间我在伦敦。 联想：mostly adv. 大部分地；通常地、主要的 拓展：at most至多不超过，for the most part大部分，多半，most of多数的 16. Please be seated. 请坐。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第一行) ▲ seat (1) seat是及物动词，后必须跟宾语或用被动语态形式。如: ① The young couple seated themselves upon a bench that stood by the lake. 这对年轻的夫妇在湖畔的长椅上坐下。 ② He seated himself near the window and began to read. 他坐在窗户附近开始读书。③ She was seated at the piano with her back to them. 她坐在钢琴旁，背对着他们。 ④ Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们，先生们，请坐下。⑤ I seated him in the armchair. 我使他坐在安乐椅上。⑥ Seat the telescope on the tripod. 把望远镜安装在三脚架上。 (2) seat可解释为“能坐……人”。如: ① That big cinema can seat 2000 people. 那家大型电影院能坐两千人。② There are seven waiting room there, seating 17000 people in all. 那里有七个候车室，总共可坐一万七千人。 【注】seat与sit的区别在于前者是及物动词，后者是不及物动词，我们可以说sit down，但不可以说seat down，而应该说He is seated。 17. Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? 你还要求得到那一磅肉吗？(p. 68 Reading 第八行) ▲ ask for, ask about及ask after (1) ask for在本课中意为“要求(得到)”。如: ① After Oliver finished his bowl of porridge, he asked for more. 奥立弗吃完一碗粥以后要求再添一些。② Everything that was asked for has now been sent. 所要的东西现在全送去了。③ The workers asked for an increase in their pay.工人们要求提高工资。④ She walked up to the counter mad asked for a pound of sugar. 她走到柜台前，要买一磅白糖。⑤ Mr Smith, a lady is asking for you at the door. 史密斯先生，门口有位太太要找您。⑥ He is not the man you are asking for.他不是你要找的那个人。⑦ Has anyone asked for me during my absence? 我不在的时候有人找过我吗? ⑧ Just now someone asked for you on the phone.刚才有人打电话找你。 【注】 ask sb．for sth．意为“向某人要某物”“请求给予”。如: ① Ask Xiao Lin for anything you want. 你要什么东西，可以找小林。② They asked the waiter for their bill. 他们向服务员要帐单。 (2) ask about意为“询问” “打听”。如: ① The commander asked about the wounded soldier's condition.指挥员询问了那个伤兵的情况。② He rang up the station office to ask about the trains.他给车站办公室打了个电话询问关于火车的事。 (3) ask after意思是“问候”。如: ① When I met Mrs Smith this morning, she asked after you and the children.今天早晨我碰见史密斯太太时，她问候你和孩子们。② They were all very concerned, and your health was asked after. 他们都很关心，并问候你的身体情况。③ "My mother asked after you." "Oh, how kind of her." “我母亲问候你。”“多谢她的好意。” 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 8 页 共 14 页 18. … and let me tear up this paper. 让我把这张借条撕了。(p. 68 Reading 第十九行) ▲ tear up撕毁，撕碎 ① He tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the waste-paper basket. 他气愤地把信撕掉，扔进废纸篓里。 ② He tore up sheet after sheet of music before producing the happy tune he wanted. 他撕掉一篇又一篇的乐谱，最后才写出他想要的满意的调子。③ John tore up his test paper so that his mother won't see his low grades. 约翰撕碎试卷，以便妈妈看不到他糟糕的成绩。④ Yuan Shikai openly tore up the constitution. 袁世凯公开撕毁了宪法。 ▲ tear up有“(完全地)拔起、提起”“撕开”之意。如： ① The wind tore up several trees.风把几棵树连根拔起。② Dozens of miles of railway track have been torn up.几十里的火车道被拔起。 ▲tear up可作“撕毁(取消)协议、契约”解释。如: ① A contract cannot be tom up at will. 合约不能任意取消。 ② He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and to prepare a new one. 他告诉律师撤消旧合同，制订一份新的。 ▲ tear up也可引申为“飞快地跑上……”之意。如: The sportsman tore up the stairs two steps at a time. 那运动员两级一跨地飞奔上楼。 19. I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you. 我宣布法庭可以允许这样做，法律把他判给你。(p. 68 Reading 倒数第一行) ▲ declare一词的用法 (1) declare意为“宣布”“宣告”“声明”，后接名词或从句。如: ① Britain declared war on / against Germany on 3rd, September 1939. 一九三九年九月三日英国对德国宣战。② The colonies declared their independence from England. 这些殖民地宣告脱离英国而独立。③ He declared to us that he bad done the work himself.他一本正经地向我们说他独自完成了工作。④ Charles declared the result of the election.查尔斯宣布了选举结果。⑤ Miss Alice declared that she had nothing to do with it.艾丽斯小姐声称她和这事无关。⑥ She declared that she didn't want to see him any more. 她声称她再也不想见到他了。 (2) declare后面可接复合结构，该复合结构可由形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词充当。如: ① The teacher declared Tom chosen. 老师宣布汤姆被选上了。② The chairman declared the meeting open.主席宣布开会。③ The boys declared themselves against cheating. 男孩子们宣称他们自己也反对欺骗行为。④ They declared his story to be true.他们声明他的说法是真实的。 辨析：announce 与 declare ① announce 宣布 (含有“预告”的意思) It was announced that there would be a celebration on Sunday. 据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(会)。 ② 用announce说个人要做什么事时，常含有“郑重其事”的意思。The boy announced that he was going to try out his toy plane that afternoon. 那男孩向大家宣布，他下午要试飞他的玩具飞机。 ③ declare宣布 (如：公开宣布战争、和平、中立、意见等) This power country declared war on that small country. 这个大国向那个小国宣战。 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 9 页 共 14 页 联想：declarer n. 宣告者；declared adj. 公然宣称的 (同) announce announcement n. (可数)通告，布告 拓展：declare oneself 表明自己的立场；declare peace 宣布和平；declare war on (against) 对……宣战 Section III 词汇语法、综合技能 20. Antonio lost all his ship at sea … Antonio在茫茫大海上丢了所有的船 (p. 69 Language Study Ex.2) ▲ at sea及其他 (1) at sea表示“在茫茫大海上”，意指“离海岸很远”。如: ① Now his ships were all at sea. 现在他的船都出海了。② The ship hit an iceberg and buried at sea.这船撞上了冰山，葬身海底。③ Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane. 由于飓风，好几艘船在海上失踪。 (2) at sea前面加上all或completely时，引申为“茫然不知所措”之意。如: ① I'm all at sea. I can't understand that problem.我简直是一片茫然，我无法理解这个问题。② He was all at sea when he began his new job. 他开始新工作时，茫然不知所措。 ③ Would you please explain it again? I'm all at sea.你能否再解释一下?我一点儿也不懂。④ The girl was completely at sea when her mother scolded her. 当母亲责怪她时，女孩茫然不知所措。 ▲ 请注意by sea与by the sea的区别，前者表示“经海路”，后者表示 “在海边”。如: ① "How did you go there? By train?" "No, we went there by sea." “你们怎么到那里去的?乘火车?”“不，我们乘船去的那里。” ② The Turners lived by the sea. 特纳一家住在海边。 ▲注意go to the sea与go to sea的区别，前者意为“去海滨”(度假或野餐)，后者表示“去当水手”。如: ① Last Sunday, the students in Class Two went to the sea.上星期天，二班的学生去海边玩。② "I want to go to sea when I grow up." said the boy to his mother. 这小男孩对母亲说：“我长大了要去当水手。” 21. Shylock advances towards Antonio and prepares to use his knife. 夏洛克朝安东尼奥走去，准备割肉。(p. 71 Integrating Skills 第一行) ▲ 动词advance及其用法 (1) advance在本课中意为“前进…‘发展…‘往前走”，相当于step forward。如: ① They advanced to meet the guests. 他们走上前迎接客人。② About 80 percent of the graduates advanced to senior middle school. 约有百分之八十的毕业生升入高中。③ We were ordered to advance on the enemy position under cover of darkness.我们得到命令，在黑夜的掩护下向敌人阵地进攻。④ The troops advanced rapidly to the village. 部队迅速前进到那个村庄。 (2) advance可作及物动词用，意为“提出”。如: ① He was among the first to advance the idea that the earth was round. 他是最早提出地球是圆的这一观点的人中的一个。② The proposal he advanced at the meeting was not accepted.他在会上提出的建议没有被接受。③ He had no chance to advance his opinion.他没有机会提出自己的意见。 (3) advance还有“增进…‘促进”“提前”“提升”之意。如: ① This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries.这将进一步增进两国之间的友好关系。② The time of the meeting was advanced by an hour. 会议时间提前了一个小时。③ He was soon advanced to the position of Secretary of State.不久他就被提升为国务卿了。④ Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history. 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 10 页 共 14 页 这一类书可能会增进你对有关欧洲历史知识的了解。 (4) advance也可作名词用，意思和动词差不多。如: ① The enemy couldn't make any advance, nor could they go back. 敌人进不得，也退不得。② Great advances have been made in medical science. 医疗科学取得巨大的进展。 【注】in advance意思是“预先”“在前面”，而in advance of意思是“在…前”“超过…”。如: ① The subject of the discussion is announced a week in advance.讨论的题目提前一周公布。② I had asked everyone to raise questions in advance of the meeting. 我要求大家在会议前提出问题。③ He arrived half an hour in advance. 他提前半小时到达。 【注】in advance of也可引申为“比…先进”。如： Our equipments are far in advance of theirs. 我们的设备远比他们的先进。 22. If you let one drop of his blood fall, you will lose…要是你让他身上的血流下一滴，有就会失去… (p. 71 Integrating Skills 第三行) ▲ drop (1) n. 滴, 点滴 There were a few drops of rain．下了几滴雨。 (2) v. 使滴下 The wet leaves dropped water. 湿叶在滴水珠。 (3) v. 使落下 Please drop it into the mail-box. 请把它投到邮箱里。 辨析：drop 与 fall drop 可作及物动词，而fall不能。表示无意或故意“掉下来”某一物体，或故意“跌倒”时，用drop，不用fall。drop 和 fall 都可作不及物动词，表示“掉下” “落下”。The Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground. 2班的运动员不小心把接力棒掉在了地上。The glass dropped (或fell) out of her hand. 杯子从她手里掉了下来。He dropped (或fell) to the ground. 他摔倒在地上。 联想：dropcurtain 吊幕；droplight 吊灯；dropshot 扣球；dropsy 水肿 拓展：drop asleep 入睡；drop back 退后；drop across 偶然遇到；drop in 顺便走访；drop into 不知不觉地进人某种状态；have a drop in one's eye 有点醉意 23. You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. 你要求公正，那么就让你得到公正，比你要求的还要多。(p. 71 Integrating Skills 第六行) ▲ shall作为情态动词的用法 作为情态动词shall可用于任何人称，在陈述句中表示允诺、威胁、命令、决心、规定、要求等。如: (1) 表示允诺。如: ① Tell her that she shall get the book tomorrow. 告诉她明天就可以拿到那本书了。② I promise you shall see them again before long. 我保证你不久就会见到他们。③ Don't worry, you shall get the answer this very afternoon. 别着急，今天下午你就可以得到答复了。④ You shall have higher pay if you work well. 如果你工作得好，你就可以得到较高的工资。⑤ You shall hear everything directly you come. 你一来，高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 11 页 共 14 页 就什么都会听到。 (2) 表示威胁、命令。如: ① You shall suffer for this! 你会为这件事吃苦头的! ② As a mall sows, so he shall reap. 善有善报，恶有恶报。③ They shall suffer for this; they shall answer for what they have done.他们将没有好下场，他们要为他们的所作所为付出代价。④ "If you won't do as I tell you, you shan't get your birthday gift." said father to Tom. 父亲对汤姆说：“如果你不听话，你就得不到生日礼物。” ⑤ "You shall do everything as I do, so look carefully." said the teacher to the students.老师对学生说：“你们必须照我做的去做，看仔细了。” (3) 表示决心。如: ① Everything shall be done to save the ship. 必须尽一切力量来营救这艘船。② I shall never do such a thing, never! 这种事我是绝对不干的，绝对不干! ③ You shall not catch me so easily next time. 下次你决不会那么容易赶上我。 ④ The enemy shall be wiped out. 敌人一定会被消灭。 (4) 用在条约、规则、法令等事件中。如: ① The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st. 新章程六月一日起施行。② The National Party Congress shall be held every five years. 党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次。 (5) 用在某些从句中，表示意图，要求，相当于should。如: ① We are anxious that he shall be given a chance to try it out. 我们热切希望能给他机会试一试。 ② My demand is that you shall get it ready before five. 我要求你在五时前把它准备好。③ I wish that you shall stay at home tonight. 我希望今晚你会留在家里。④ I'm anxious that it shall be done in time. 我急于要把这件事及时做好。⑤ My mother is determined that I shall stay on. 妈妈决定让我待下去。 24. The law of Venice says that if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, … 威尼斯法律规定，任何杀害或谋杀威尼斯公民的人，…(p. 71 Integrating Skills 倒数第14行) ▲ murder (1) vt. 谋杀He murdered his rival in cold blood. 他残忍地杀害了他的对手。 (2) n. 谋杀罪He was accused of committing murder. 他被指控犯了谋杀罪。 辨析：murder，kill与shoot ① murder 指谋杀 ② kill 笼统地表示“杀”的事实 ③ shoot 表示用枪或箭射杀 One day, a man was murdered in a small town. 一天，一个人在一小城被谋杀。The polluted air killed the crops. 被污染了的空气使庄稼死亡。He was killed in an accident. 他在一次事故中死去。The prisoner of war shot himself. 那个战犯自杀了。 联想：(派) murderer 凶手；murderess 女凶手 拓展：political murder 政治谋杀；a mass murder 大屠杀；get away with murder 逍遥法外；The murder is out 真相大白 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 12 页 共 14 页 25. His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke.他的生命全凭公爵来处理。(p. 71 Integrating Skills 倒数第11行) ▲ at the mercy of 这一短语的意思是“任由……摆布”“在……的掌握(支配)中”，相当于in the power of。如: ① The ship hit a rock and sank down, the crew were at the mercy of the winds and waves. 船撞上礁石下沉了，船员在风浪中随波飘流。② People at Altorf would not like to be at the mercy of Gesler, the cruel governor. 阿尔托夫的人们不愿意忍受总督盖斯勒的摆布。③ The dog's life was at the mercy of its master. 狗的生命掌握在它主人手中。④ The mouse caught just now was at the mercy of the cat, his cruel enemy. 刚才被抓住的那只老鼠现在由它的残忍的敌人猫任意摆布。 26. Therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for mercy. 因此，快去跪下请求公爵宽恕你吧。(p. 71 Integrating Skills 倒数第11行) ▲ go down on one's knees 跪下、屈膝 此短语中的go也可以用get替代．即get down on one's knees。如: ① Never go down on one's knees before enemy. 在敌人面前决不能屈膝。② He went down on his knees and begged for mercy. 他跪地求饶。 ③ Father went down on his hands and knees and let his son ride on his back. 父亲趴在地上让儿子骑在他背上。 ④ The young man went down on his hands and then stood on his bead against the wall. 这年轻人双手着地，然后靠墙倒立。 【注】 go down on one's knees与get down on one's knees意思相同，但go down和get down意思不同。这一点请同学们务必注意go down作“下落”“减弱”解释，而get down作“放下”“打下”解释。如: ① On the third day, his fever went down. 到了第三天，他的烧退了。② The prices of computers are expected to go further down. 计算机的价格可望进一步下跌。③ The moon has gone down and it is dark around.月亮已经西沉了，四下里黑漆漆的。④ At night the north wind went down and the river froze again. 晚上北风减弱，河里又结了冰。⑤ I couldn't get down what he said. 我没能把他说的话都记录下来。⑥ They got down two enemy aircrafts last night. 昨晚他们打下了两架敌机。⑦ The medicine was so bitter that I couldn't get it down. 这药太苦，我吃不下去。⑧ Will you give me a hand to get this trunk down? 你帮我把这皮箱拿下来好吗? 27. My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.我的钱财对我就像生命一样宝贵。(p. 71 Integrating Skills 倒数第5行) ▲ dear的几种用法 (1) adj. 亲爱的，可爱的 What a dear little child! 多么可爱的小孩。 (2) dear此处作“珍贵的”解释。如: ① He lost everything that Was dear to him. 他丧失了他所珍视的一切。② Fame and power are very dear to him. 名誉和权力对他来说是非常珍贵的。③ To him very dear is the power by which he can control people and get money. 对他来说，权力是非常珍贵的，通过它可以支配人并得到钱财。 （3）dear可以作“(价格)昂贵的”“索价高的”解释。如: ① It is too dear. 这价钱太贵了。② It you want to make money, you must buy cheap and sell dear. 如果你想赚钱，你必须便宜的买进昂贵的卖出。 【注】dear与expensive的异同点。dear与expensive都有“价格昂贵” 之意，都不能与price连用。例如高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 13 页 共 14 页 我们不能说"The price of the motorcycle is too dear / expensive, 而只能说The motorcycle is too dear / expensive或The price of the motorcycle is too high. 因为修饰price的只能是high或low。以上讲的是dear与expensive这两个词相同的地方。但这两个词也有不同的一面。dear所表示 的价格贵，是超乎常情的贵，讲得通俗一点，是指某个商品价格很贵，但实际不值那么多钱，而expensive所表示的贵，有“物美价高非购买者财力所及”之意，举例来说，如果一辆价值十万元的车卖十万元，就不能说dear，而只能说expensive；但如果一斤桔子通常卖一元，如卖一元五角，就应该说dear。 ▲ dear还可用作感叹词，相当于汉语的“天啊”“哎呀”，表示伤心、焦急、惊奇、遗憾、同情等。如: ① Oh, dear! What shall I do? 噢!天啊!我该怎么办呢? ② "Dear me", said the old minister to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office?" “天哪”，老大臣心里想，难道我也愚蠢或不称职了? ③ "Oh，dear! How call you draw on the wall?" “噢，天啊!你怎么能在墙上乱画?” 28. They are my only comfort. 他们是我唯一的安慰。(p. 71 Integrating Skills 倒数第5行) ▲ comfort (1) n. 安慰、慰籍The nurse spoke a few words of comfort to the sick boy. 护士对小病人说了几句安慰的话。 (2) n. 舒适，安逸The news brought comfort to all of us. 这个消息使我们所有人都感到安慰。 (3) v. 安慰 He always comforts me when I'm in trouble.每当我处于困境时，他总是来安慰我。 联想：comfortable adj. 舒适的(反义词) uncomfortable 不舒适的；comfort [U] 舒适(反义词) discomfort 不舒适 拓展：give comfort to 安慰；live in comfort 生活舒适；offer sb. comfort 给人以安 高二英语学业水平考试例题 第 14 页 共 14 页 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/a2e56e1880c4bb4cf7ec4afe04a1b0717fd5b326.html