小学英语名词讲解及练习

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Practice makes perfect

小学英语名词讲解及练习

一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。

1.普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类:

A.个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)pen(钢笔)bird(鸟)等。

B.集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)police(警察)family(家庭)等

C.物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)air(空气)wood(木头)等。

D.抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)peace(和平)love(爱)等。

2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)Tokyo(东京)China(中国)等。

找出下列笑话中的可数名词

In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”

二、可数名词和不可数名词。

1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families 名词单数变复数变化如下:

1.词尾直接加 S 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days

2.以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加 ES 如:class——classes match——matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes

3.以辅音加 Y 结尾的词变 Y I, ES. 元音加 Y 结尾的词直接加 S, : party----parties city----cities story----stories

boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys . 4.以 F FE 结尾的词, F FE V, ES, : wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加S要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.

5.以辅音加 O 结尾的词常加 ES, : tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. :radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况: photos

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Practice makes perfect

6.名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice 2) 不可数名词

不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water, cotton, work

不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。如:a bottle of water,two cups of tea,three pieces of paper 注意事项:

1.不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用AAN,但可用THE,或不用冠词,如:bread is the usual breakfast.

2.虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要加复数。 如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water 3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:ten bags of rice---- ten baskets of eggs

找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:

Homework half advice______money ______ knowledge ______boot _____blood ______music ______ chicken ________heat _____mouth ______bread _______ information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

名词所有格

一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格

1.单数名词词尾加s 复数名词如果词尾没有s,也要加s the boy's bag 男孩的书包 Mike's knife 迈克的刀子 the children's room 孩子们的房间 men's room 男厕所 2.若名词已有复数词尾s,只加

the students' bags 学生们的书包 the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室

3.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加's。如表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加's。如:

This is Tom and Jason's room. 这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。 These are Tom's and Jason's rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。 二、.表示无生命物的名词所有格

1、如果名词是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。 the windows of the house 房间的窗户 the title of the song 歌的名字 the picture of the family 家庭照片 2、在表示名词所有格时,'s结构可以转换成of结构。

the girl's name the name of the girl 女孩的名字 my father's friend the friend of my father's 我父亲的朋友

3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加's来构成所有格。 Beijing's street 北京的街道



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Practice makes perfect

today's newspaper 今天的报纸 ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程

写出下列名名词和词组的所有格

1a sister ______________2a boy 3today ______________4a baby 5a camel ______________6men 7birds ______________8two days 9John and Mary(两人共有的)

10John and Mary (两人各自所有的)

练习

一.按要求填入单词的适当形式

1Two________ live in this building. (family) 2Look at those _______. (child)

3I can see a ________ standing near the door. (policeman) 4There are some ________ on the table. (glass) 5Would you like some ________? (bread) 6I have two ________. (sister) 7I like ________. (cat)

8Do you want some ________ for supper? (potato)

9He has two ________. One is old ,the other is new .(watch) 10In autumn ,you can see a lot of ________ on the ground. (leaf) 二.选用下列正确的单词或词组,在正确的选项上打√ 1Do you drink much (milk, milks)? 2I visited (Tom, Tom's) house yesterday. 3He had two (cup ,cups) of tea.

4This is (Tom and Mary's ,Tom's and Mary's) house. 5Give me a (piece of ,×)paper, please. 6I don't want (a, an)old cap. 7Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).

8How many (radioes , radios ) can you see? 9There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class. 10That bag is my (father's, father's bag.) 三.将下列句子变成复数形式

1This is a knife. _________________________________________ 2That is a tomato. _________________________________________ 3I have a wish. _________________________________________ 4That child is very lovely. ___________________________________ 5An Englishman stood there. __________________________________ 四.用's, s'替换下列词组

1the leg of the boy ______________ 6the songs of the birds ____________ 2the key of the girl ______________ 7the servants of the queen _________ 3the tail of the cat _______________ 8the shirts of the men _____________ 4the friend of my father's___________ 9the violin of the girl ______________ 5the toys of the boy_______________ 10the pen of John_________________



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