名词解释
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名词解释：1.epic：Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more lengendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple but magnificent. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age and its people, are also called epic. 2.Renaissance：The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic church. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance。 3.ballad：ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission. 4．sonnet；Sonnet is a type of poem consisting of one single fourteen-line stanza. It was perfected by the Italian poet in the 13th century and introduced into England in the early 16th century. 5.blank verse, first introduced into England by Surrey, is used to name the unrhymed iambic pentameter line in poetry. 6.the graveyard school, The Graveyard School was a group of 18th-century English poets. Depressing in their themes of death and dying, the poems were filled with dark and gloomy images--making us think of immortality. 7.the metaphysical school, The Metaphysical School is an important precursor to Surrealism as was Cezanne an important precursor to Cubism. 8.allegory, Allegory is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy.Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. 9.the Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was a time when man began to use his reason to discover the world, casting off the superstition and fear of the medieval world. The effort to discover the natural laws which governed the universe led to scientific, political and social advances. Enlightenment thinkers examined the rational basis of all beliefs and in the process rejected the authority of church and state. 10.neo-Classicism: Neoclassicism was a widespread and influential movement in painting and the other visual arts that began in the 1760s, reached its height in the1780s and '90s, and lasted until the 1840s and '50s. In painting itgenerally took the form of an emphasis on austere linear design in thedepiction of classical themes and subject matter, using archaeologically correct settings and costumes. three representatives in British Renaissance and their masterpieces. 1) Thomas More wrote Utopia(1516) in the form of a conversation between Moore and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into two books. The first is a profound and vivid description of the social evils of England. The second is a valuable document of utopian socialism which describes in detail More’s ideal of the future society, Utopia.The name “ Utopia”comes from two Greek words, meaning “ no place”, and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. It has since been used to designate the ideal state. 2) Francis Bacon was a great scientist, thinker, philosopher and an essayist .His essays(58 articles) are enlightening and widely read. They are Bacon’s reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects. Among them is the famous On Study. 3)Edmund Spenser was considered as a “ poet’s poet.” He was the creator of the Spenserian stanza. His poetry is marked by five qualities: a perfect melody; a rare sense of beauty; a splendid imagination; a lofty purity and seriousness; a dedicated idealism. All these make him the poet’s poet. The Faerie Queene has been regarded as his masterpiece and one of the greatest poems in the English language. This book was meant to have 12 books but only 6 and 2 cantos of the 7th book were completed. According to Spenser himself, h intends to present through a historical poem the example of a perfect gentleman: he speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, and plans 12 books, each one with a hero distinguished for one of the private virtues. The hero of heroes, King Arthur, possesses all of these virtues. The recurring appearance of Arthur serve as a unifying element fro the poem as a whole and so is Gloriana, the Faerie Queene, since it is from her court and at her bidding that each of the heroes sets out on his particular adventure. It sings praises to “ that greatest glorious queen of Faery Land.” Spenserian stanza: it is one that consists of eight five-foot iambic lines, followed by an iambic line of six feet, rhyming ababbcbcc. It is so named because it was Spenser that first used this form in his masterpiece The Faerie Queene. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/20cb7c4233687e21af45a98f.html