【#四六级考试# 导语】成功=时间+方法,自制力是这个等式的保障。世上无天才,高手都是来自刻苦的练习。而大家往往只看到“牛人”闪耀的成绩,忽视其成绩背后无比寂寞的勤奋。以下为“2020年6月大学英语六级基础语法知识4篇”,欢迎阅读参考!更多相关讯息请关注©文档大全网!
【篇一】2020年6月大学英语六级基础语法知识
英语六级基础语法知识:一致关系
英语的一致有三种:主谓一致,代词一致,肯定与否定一致
一、主语与谓语的一致
英语语法要求,主语如果是单数,谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数,谓语动词也要用复数形式 例如:
We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。
二、概念一致
1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。
由and连接的单数主语分别有many a,ever y,each,no修饰时,动词用单数。 如:During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。
2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。
以what,who,why,haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事,动词用复数。 例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚
以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中,如果主句的表语是复数,主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义,主句谓语动词也可用复数。 如:What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. 我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。
3.集体名词family,class,crew(全体船员或机组人员),crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时,若作为一个整体看待,后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时,则用复数。 例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
People, police, cattle,(牛),militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害出)等作主语时,后面的动词要用复数。
4.不定代词either,neither,ever y,each,one,the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词只用单数,包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。
如:Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off. 每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。
5. what,who,which,any,mare,some,half,mast,all,none.等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数,主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。
6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词,尽管是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体,则动词用复数。 如:Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
如:The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。
8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成,不管名词是单数还是复数,动词通常用单数。
如:This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。 类似的还有:a portion of(一部分),a series of(一系列),a pile of(一堆),a panel of (一个小组委员会),
如:A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。
9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时,单复数同形,其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时,谓语动词用单数;若有all, both,these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。
“None of the means”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
如:There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
三、就近一致
1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时,谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。
例如:Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。
2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时,谓语也和最临近的那个一致。 如:There is a dictionary and many books on the table. 桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。
这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。 如:Where is your mother and sisters 你 妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了
3.做主语的名词或代词后接with,together with,along with,as well as等短语时,谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。 如:A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital 一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。
四、代词一致
代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致, 如:One must do one\' s best to increase production. Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I\' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替) 在写作中,如果表示不定的人,可以用you, we, one等,需要注意的是:同一篇文章中,只用同一个不定代词,而且所有格要与其一致。
【篇二】2020年6月大学英语六级基础语法知识
英语六级基础语法知识:虚拟语气
1. 表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句主要有三种结构:
1) 表示与现在情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”,从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”(动词be的过去式一律用were)。
If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2) 表示与过去情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might + have +过去分词”,从句谓语用过去完成时。
If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
3) 表示与将来情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”,从句谓语用“were +动词不定式”或“should +动词原形”。
If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.
2. 虚拟条件句连接词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时,可以省略连接词if,但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面,形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。
Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.
Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
3. wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成
动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望,其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,有以下三种构成形式。
1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或“would / could + have +过去分词 ”。
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
I wish I could have done it better.
3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would / should (could, might) +动词原形”。
I wish I would not get old.
I wish I could travel around the world one day.
4. 某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
在一些动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.
The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
5. 某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.
He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.
6. 错综时间条件句
条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,有时发生的时间是不一致的.如从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。 这种句子称为错综时间条件句.
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
【篇三】2020年6月大学英语六级基础语法知识
英语六级基础语法知识:动名词
动名词可以起名词的作用,在句子中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语,构成动名词短语。 动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。
(一) 做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时,谓语用复数形式。
例如:
Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。
在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中,It为形式主语,而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如:
It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。
It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。
It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up. 吸烟没好处,你戒掉。
(二) 动名词短语作宾语。
常用的能接动名词的动词有:admit承认,appreciate 感激,avoid 避免,advise 建议,can’t help 不禁,celebrate 庆祝,consider 考虑,complete 完成, contemplate沉思、打算,defer推迟,delay 延期,deny 否认,detest 痛恨,discontinue 停止, dislike不喜欢,dispute不同意,endure 忍耐,enjoy 喜欢, escape逃脱,excuse 原谅, fancy想象,feel like 想要, finish结束, 严禁,forgive 原谅,hinder 阻碍,imagine想象,keep 保持,mention 提到,mind 在意,miss 错过,pardon 饶恕、原谅,permit允许,postpone 推迟,practise 实践、练习,prevent 阻止, recall 回忆, report报告,resent 怨恨, resist抵制、阻止,risk冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 明白、理解,等等。 例如:
He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。
(我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )
下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语:
abhor憎恶,attempt 试图,begin 开始,cannot bear 无法忍受,cannot stand无法忍受,cease停止,continue,继续,,decline 拒绝,deserve值得,disdain蔑视,dread害怕,endure忍耐,forget忘记,hate 痛恨,intend打算,learn学,like 喜欢,loathe厌恶,love喜欢,mean意思是、意味着,need需要,neglect疏忽,omit省略,忽略,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,propose建议,regret后悔,remember记得,require需要,scorn蔑视、瞧不起,start开始,try尝试,努力,entail必须,involve涉及,necessitate使成为必要,等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样,个别不同。
(三) 动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。
尤其是在短语动词后面。如:
The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way. 托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。
我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:
Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy. 从西安回来后,他一直很忙。 He warned me againstmming in this lake. 他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。
(四)动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语,就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。
带逻辑主语的动名词短语可做主语,宾语,表语等。在非正式文体当中,经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词,把名词所有格简化为名词。例如:
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。
Linda’s coming will do you good.(主语) 林达的到来对你有好处。
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表语)使他生气的是他们笑。
(五)动名词的完成式和被动语态:
(1)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如:
I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言,我道歉。
(2)当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时,动名词要用被动语态。例如:
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训,她感到自豪。 他不喜欢嘲笑别人。 →He doesn’t like laughing at others. 他不喜欢被人嘲笑。→He doesn’t like being laughed at.
(六)某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语,但意义有差别。
(1)like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱,厌恶的动词后面,可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,意义差别不大。但当这些词前面有should或would时,一定要用动词不定式作宾语。表示想要,愿意,打算。例如:
(2) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) 例如:
The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着。她忘记关了。(关灯的动作没做)
The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off. 办公室的灯没亮着。是她关的,但她忘记关过灯。(已关过灯,她忘了)
(3)remember to do sth.记着去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 例如:
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year 你记得去年一次宴会上见过我吗(已见过面)
You must remember to leave tomorrow。 你一定要记着明天离开。(还没离开)
(4)stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 例如:
She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她停下来,在路边的一块大石头上休息。
As long as you live, your heart never stops beating, 只要你活着,你的心脏就永远不会停止跳动。
(5) regret to do sth. 对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾; regret doing sth. 对已做的事情表示后悔 例如:
I regret saying that. 我后悔说了那话。 I regret to tell you the following truth. 我非常遗憾地告诉你下面这个事实。
(6)try to do sth努力去做某事 try doing sth.做某事试一试 例如:
You must try to do it again. 你必须想方设法再做一次。
Let’s try doing the work in some other way. 咱们用另一种方法做这工作试试。
(7) mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
【篇四】2020年6月大学英语六级基础语法知识
英语六级基础语法知识:常见句式
1. 常考的几种倒装结构
1) 当表示否定或基本否定的词或词组位于句首作状语时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有:never, nowhere, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, not until, not only, by no means, in no time, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way, in no case, at no time, on no account等。
Never have I heard it before.
Nowhere can I find my lost watch.
Under no circumstance should a student cheat in the exam.
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet.
Note: 当 “no sooner … than”和“hardly/scarcely … when/before”位于句首时用倒装。该结构表示“一…就…”,在时态上主句一般用过去完成时,when或than引导的从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when/before the bell rang.
No sooner had the performance begun than the lights went out.
2) 当here, there, then, thus, only, hence, little等副词位于句首,句中主、谓用倒装。
Here is the book for you.
There goes the bell.
Then came the order to take off.
Thus arose the division between the developed and developing countries.
3) 当 “so/such … that”结构中的so或such 位于句首时用倒装。
So cold was it at night that I could hardly fall asleep.
Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.
4) 分句以so, neither, nor, no more等副词位于句首,表明前面句子中所说明的情况也使用于后面的句子时用倒装。
Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals.
He didn’t see the film last night, neither did she.
2. 强调句型
这里讲的强调句主要是以it为引导词的分 裂句。其构成形式为:It is (was) +被强调部分+ that(who, which) + 句子的其他部分。被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语和状语。
It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.
It is what you will do that is essential.
Note:
在被强调部分的后面,一般用that引出句子的其他部分。但是如果强调的部分是表示人的名词,那么也可用who;如果是指物的名词也可用which。
It was Jane that/who lent me the money.
It was this novel that/which they talked about last night.
如果强调的是原因状语从句,只能用because引导,不能由since, as或why引导。
It was because(不用since或as) he had never had the opportunity that John hadn’t learned to drive.
有三类句子成分不可以进行强调,即表语、谓语动词和由though, although, whereas等引导的从句。
It is although he is young that he can speak four languages. (误)
Although he is young, he can speak four languages. (正)
It is whereas he prefers pop song that I like classical music. (误)
I like classical music whereas he prefers pop songs. (正)
3. 使役动词后的宾语补足语
使役动词除了要有宾语之外还要加上宾语补足语才能使句子的意义完整。常用的使役动词有:have, want, make, get, leave, set, let等。可以担当使役动词宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,介词短语,动词不定式和分词等。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
A good night’s rest will set you right.
Note:
动词不定式可以担当使役动词的宾语补足语,但在make, let, have等使役动词后,动词不定式作宾语补足语时不用to。
He made her give up the opportunity.
What would you have me do?
Her pride would not let her do this.
分词也可以担当使役动词的宾语补足语。现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义,而过去分词表示已经完成的被动意义。
Her remark left me wondering what he was driving at.
The joke set them all laughing.
He managed to get the job done on time.
I’ve just had some new photos taken.
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