2018年考研英语阅读|2018年考博英语阅读经济学人文章精析【三篇】

【#考博# 导语】阅读是英语考试的重中之重，想要得高分，可以多多练习。以下是©文档大全网为大家整理的《2018年考博英语阅读经济学人文章每日精析【三篇】》希望对大家的写作有启发和帮助。

【第一篇：旅行安全】

　　Travel security旅行安全Risky business高风险生意International SOS is the biggest player in a fast-growing industry国际SOS救援中心是旅游安全——这个快速增长的行业的参与者

　　AT THE centre of a large office in west London sits a raised circular platform with several seats. Screens in front carry international news superimposed on a huge atlas. From here rescue missions are co-ordinated by International SOS (ISOS), the world’s largest travel-security firm, which counts nearly two-thirds of the Fortune Global 500 companies as clients. It operates 26 other centres across the world. The firm says they have never been busier.在伦敦西部一个大型的写字楼的中间，摆放着一张大圆桌，几把椅子。前方的屏幕滚动的国际新闻叠加在一个巨型地图册上，世界上的旅行安全保障公司国际SOS救援中心(ISOS)就是从这里策划营救活动的，全球财富500强公司里接近2/3都是它的客户。它经营者横跨全球的其他26处中心，该公司表示它从来没有这么忙碌过。

　　ISOS has responded to emergencies large and small. They range from giving timely advice to the parents of a child in Nigeria who had swallowed a coin to evacuating corporate and NGO clients from Burundi during last year’s coup attempt. Torn between a medical airlift and potentially risky surgery in a local hospital, the child’s parents were counselled by ISOS doctors to let nature take its course, which it duly did. The Burundi operation was trickier.国际SOS救援中心对大大小小的紧急情况做出了回应。从他们给尼日尼亚的一位吞了一枚硬币的小孩的父母提供了及时的建议，到去年布隆迪政变期间组织撤离企业和非政府组织成员。期待您的翻译，您可以将翻译留言到文章底部，第二天会有答案解析哦。

　　“When the president [Pierre Nkurunziza] started talking about serving an unconstitutional third term,” explains Tim Willis, a former army officer who is the firm’s European security director, “we thought ‘look out’ and began sending alerts to our members. When the balloon went up in May, their families had got out and they were prepared.” A nurse was embedded with one client, a local security provider was told to stand by with vehicles and an ISOS manager flew to neighbouring Rwanda to co-ordinate the operation.前陆军军官蒂姆·威利斯，现任国际SOS救援中心欧洲安全主管说：“当布隆迪总统(皮埃尔·恩库伦齐扎)违反宪法，表示自己会在第三个任期的继续担任总统时，我们就开始留意并提醒其他成员警戒起来。等到5月份局势变糟的时候，本公司成员和其家庭成员都已经做好准备了。”政变发生期间，一个护士照顾一个客户，当地一个备有车辆的安全机构随时待命，还有一位国际救援中心经理还跑到邻国卢旺达去指挥调配救助工作。

　　Next a handful of people were moved into a secure hotel. Then, once the road to the border was declared viable, they made their way out. A plane was being chartered in Nairobi meanwhile to collect another 73 employees of a client from the airport at Bujumbura, the capital, and fly them to Rwanda’s capital, Kigali. For Mr Willis it showed how managing efforts close to the action results in a “boring evacuation, which is what we want”. 随后一群人被转移到安全宾馆里。一旦边界道路宣布可以通行，就可以出去了。与此同时，国际SOS救援中心在内罗比租一架飞机，将布隆迪首都布琼布拉机场的另外73名客户接去了卢旺达首都基加利。对威利斯来说，这次行动表明指挥管理中所下的功夫的得到了回报。他说“撤离行动有惊无险，这正是我们想要的。”

　　Viable:可行的，能行的

　　Globalisation (ever-increasing business travel and tourism), political instability (spreading in an arc from the Gulf to sub-Saharan Africa) and fear of terrorism in places previously thought safe (such as Istanbul, Jakarta, Paris and Brussels) are all drivers of the business. So too is China’s expanding international footprint. This year China will overtake America as the biggest spender on business travel. Last year ISOS saw its “outbound” China business grow by 46%, thanks in part to Beijing’s commitment to building a “new silk road” from Central Asia to the Mediterranean.全球一体化(持续推动商务出行和观光旅游的发展)，政治局势的不稳定性(从海湾一路延伸到撒哈拉以南非洲)和有些之前人们认为是安全的地区(如伊斯坦布尔、雅加达、巴黎和布鲁塞尔)现在却笼罩在恐怖阴影下还有中国对外贸易的扩展，这些因素都推进了旅游安全服务的增长。还有中国国际扩张的脚步加快也是另一个因素。今年中国将取代美国，商务出行的花费达到全球第一位。去年国际SOS救援中心“出口”到中国的贸易增长增长了46%，这在一定程度上归功于中国政府决心要建成从亚洲中部到地中海的“新丝绸之路”。

　　Founded over 30 years ago to provide emergency medical care for Europeans working in South-East Asia, ISOS has become a global business. When the Arab Spring got going in 2011, it had the resources to carry out large-scale evacuations from Egypt (1,250 people) and then Libya (1,500).国际SOS救援中心成立于三十多年前，成立之初是给工作在东南亚的欧洲人提供紧急医疗护理。现在它的服务已经扩展到全球了。2011年阿拉伯之春运动开始之时，国际SOS救援中心斥资先后在埃及(1250人)和利比亚(1500人)开展了大规模的撤离行动进行了大规模的人员撤离行动。

　　The Arab Spring： 所谓“阿拉伯之春”，就是自2010年最早发生在突尼斯的阿拉伯世界争取民主、平等的运动。对应的是：The Arab Winter。

　　Since 2001 ISOS has grown from revenues of $250m a year and 2,500 employees to $1.5 billion and a staff of 11,000, which includes over 5,000 medical professionals and 200 security specialists. Operating from around 1,000 locations in 90 countries, it takes nearly 5m assistance calls every year. However, while it is large-scale evacuations at times of crisis that grab attention, the biggest risks that business travellers face are more prosaic. According to a survey of its European customers in 2015, 11% said they had experienced terrorism as a threat to their safety compared with 34% who cited petty crime and 33% traffic accidents.2001年国际SOS救援中心的年收益为二万五千美元，拥有员工两千五百人。如今其年收益已经达到一百五十亿美金，拥有员工一万一千人，其中包括五千多医学专业人员和两百个安全方面的专家。国际SOS救援中心平均每年收到近五百万个求助电话，来自全球九十个国家的一千个地方。尽管危机时刻大规模的人员撤离比较能吸引大家的注意，但是相比之下，商务出差人士所能面临的危险就显得平淡无奇了。2015年一份针对国际SOS救援中心欧洲客户的调查表明，只有11%的人表示自己的人身安全曾受到恐怖主义的威胁。相比之下受到轻微犯罪威胁的和遭受交通事故的人所占的比例分别高达34%和33%。

　　Prosaic: 乏味的，平淡无奇的

　　Whatever the emergency, knowing exactly where your people are when something bad happens is the first part of any plan to help them. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, ISOS introduced travel-tracking technology that provides real-time data about employee movements. Now, apps on phones using GPS can establish virtual secure areas—so called “geo-fencing”. A panic button on the phone sends SMS and e-mail alerts with location information if someone leaves or enters designated perimeters.无论是什么紧急情况，一旦发生，第一件事就是先弄清楚人在哪里。无论何种救援方案，这都是帮助他们的第一步。2001年9月11日恐怖袭击事件发生后，国际SOS救援中心就引进了一种旅游追踪技术。它可以提供员工的实时地理移动数据。现在，有些手机APP可以利用GPS定位系统，构建虚拟安全领域——这就是所谓的“地理围栏”。如果某人踏入或离开指定周界，手机上的紧急按钮可以发送带有位置信息的短信和邮件提醒。

　　Geo-fencing：地理围栏是LBS的一种应用，就是用一个虚拟的栅栏围出一个虚拟地理边界，当手机进入、离开某个特定地理区域，或在该区域内活动时，手机可以接收自动通知和警告。Perimeter:周界

　　Although support when an emergency strikes is what gives clients reassurance, ISOS and its smaller rivals, such as Annapolis-based iJet and Anvil Group, a British firm, emphasise that risk mitigation starts with understanding where and how threats arise and knowing how to avoid or deal with them. That matters not just for practical reasons but for legal ones too. Employers have a duty of care and so can be sued if staff have not been adequately prepared or properly informed about dangerous situations they might find themselves in. One more reason why ISOS and its ilk need not worry too much about falling demand.尽管一旦紧急事件发生，给客户提供帮助可以让他们放心，但是国际SOS救援中心和它较弱的竞争对手，比如美国安纳波利斯的iJet 和 英国的Anvil Group，都强调说只有了解了危险发生地点和原因，并且弄清楚如何避免或处理的时候，危险才能有所缓解。这不光指实际原因还包括法律方面的原因。雇主们有照管其雇员的责任。所以如果雇员面对所处的处境，没有得到雇主给予的充足或恰当的准备，又或是雇主没有告知雇员所处险境，雇员是可以起诉雇主的。这就又给雇员亲属们一个不用担心他们得不到必要的支持的理由。

【第二篇：消费品】

　　Consumer products消费品His and hers男性的和女性的Companies hungry for profits are playing the gender card公司通过产品上的性别标识来渴求实现盈利。Jul 23rd 2016 | From the print edition

　　“GENTLEMEN, it’s time for us to be done with women’s cleaning products,” suggests the website for Hero Clean, a line of American products aimed at men that Elizabeth Sweet, a professor at the University of California, Davis, came upon while shopping in California.“No more pastel bottles with puppies, babies and dewy meadows.”他发现，“缺少带有小狗，婴儿和露水草地的色彩缤纷的小瓶。”

　　Only a tiny group of products merit distinction by gender. “Anything meant for your genitals,” says another gender expert, Lisa Wade of Occidental College. Yet needlessly gendered items are proliferating. Q-TIPS now offers “men’s ultimate” cotton swabs for men whose earwax would overwhelm ladylike swabs. A firm in California called Daisy Rock hawks hot pink sparkle-coated “girl guitars” to women. Banana Boat, a sunscreen brand, sells black bottles of sun lotion to men who can’t touch its less masculine orange packaging.只有一小部分商品是依据性别分类。另一位来自韦德西方学院的性别专家丽莎提出'一切事物都可以体现出你的性别'。但市场上许多没必要按性别分类的产品正在大量产生。现在，相比女性专用棉签，Q-TIPS为男性提供'男士专利'的棉签，由于男性耳垢不便使用女用棉签去除。在加利佛尼亚，一家叫做丹斯洛克的公司专为为女性提供染亮粉颜色的'女式吉他'。一家防晒品牌香蕉船，为不想购买橙色包装的男士提供黑色瓶装的防晒产品。

　　gendered items： 按性别分类的商品Proliferating ： 增加，大量产生

　　There has been a huge shift towards gendered marketing since the 1950s when even beauty products were often gender-neutral, says Ms Sweet. One is that because men and women are increasingly doing the same things, such as attending the same universities, doing the same jobs and household duties, marketers see a chance to appeal to an older instinct, for differentiation.在20世纪50年代，甚至连美容产品也经常是不区分性别的，而之后，按性别分类的市场已经发生了重大的转变， Ms Sweet这样说道。有一种理论认为发生这种转变的原因是，越来越多的男性和女性正在做着同样的事情，比如，同样上大学，同样做工作和家务。市场营销人员发现了一种能够利用男女差异化这种古老天性的机会。

　　Some firms are even trying to charge women more for the same products. A 2015 study in New York city found that women’s products cost more two-fifths of the time. But many of the new gendered products are for men. Powerful Yogurt, a food company, has begun producing high-protein yogurt in black tubs. Mammoth Supply, a New Zealand-based producer of bottled iced-coffee, urges men to embrace their new domesticised reality. “Don’t just clear the leaves: eliminate them. Don’t just do the chores: annihilate them.” Bulldog Skincare peddles moisturisers “built for men”.某些公司甚至还试图在同一产品上对女性索要高价。一项2015年在纽约进行的调研发现，当时购买女性产品要花费比原价高五分之二的价格。而且许多按性别分类的新型产品专为男性设计。Powerful Yogurt，一家食品公司，已经开始生产黑色桶装的高蛋白酸奶了。Mammoth Supply, 一家生产瓶装冰咖啡的新西兰公司，鼓励男性接受他们新型家庭现实生活。“不只是简单地清扫树叶，要根除它们。不要只是简单地做杂务，要消灭它们”。Bulldog Skincare公司售卖专为男性定制的润肤膏。

　　Other firms are treading more carefully. Following complaints about gender-based signs last year, Target, an American retailer, removed mentions of it from the kids’ bedding and toy sections. Some firms, such as Johnson & Johnson, a health-care firm, via its Clean & Clear brand, are even embracing transgender themes in their marketing.其他公司的行事相对更谨慎一些。去年，随着人们对商品上性别标志的投诉，Target,一家美国零售商，取消了孩童寝具和玩具部分上的性别标志。某些公司，如Johnson & Johnson公司——一家卫生保健公司，通过其旗下 Clean & Clear品牌，甚至在市场营销中提出了跨性别主题。

　　Treading： 步行，行事health-care： 医疗保健

　　Many consumers are resisting the gender card. Reviews on the Amazon page of Bic for Her pens, which are like any other pen except pink and purple, are sarcastic. One reviewer told how his wife, attempting to use his man-keyboard, faints until he revives her with smelling salts. Men may be from Mars and women from Venus, but both seem to agree that when it comes to pens, everyone can share.许多消费者正在抵制性别标识。回想起在亚马逊网站上的Bic 女性用笔，除了颜色是粉色和紫色，这些笔和其他的一模一样，真是一种讽刺。一位评论员说，他的妻子尝试使用他的男性专用键盘，结果晕倒了，最后他用嗅盐唤醒了妻子。男人可能来自火星，女人可能来自金星，但所有人应当对此达成一致,即在笔这一事物上，人人都可以共享。

【第三篇：殖民火星】

　　Colonising Mars: For life, not for an afterlife殖民火星：为了现在而非后世

　　Seeking to make Earth expendable is not a good reason to settle other planets想方设法用尽地球资源不是人类移民到别的星球的好借口

　　MARS has been much possessed by death. In the late 19th century Percival Lowell, an American astronomer, persuaded much of the public that the red planet was dying of desertification. H.G. Wells, in “The War of the Worlds”, imagined Martian invaders bringing death to Earth; in “The Martian Chronicles” Ray Bradbury pictured humans living among Martian ghosts seeing Earth destroyed in a nuclear spasm. Science was not much cheerier than science fiction: space probes revealed that having once been warmer and wetter, Mars is now cold, cratered and all-but-airless.火星一直被死亡所笼罩。19世纪末期，美国天文学家PercivalLowell曾告诉大多数媒体说，由于荒漠化，这个红色的星球已经濒临垂死的边缘了。H.G. Wells在《星际战争》中设想了火星入侵者将死亡带向地球的故事;在《火星编年史》中，Ray Bradbury描绘了活在火星人鬼魂下的人们眼睁睁看着地球毁于核爆的画面。科学现实并不比这些科幻小说要乐观多少：航天探测器显示，火星曾经温暖而湿润，但现如今一片冷寂，到处都坑坑洼洼，空气少得可怜。

　　Persuade：v. 说服，劝说Invader：n. 侵略者Chronicle：n. 编年史，年代记;记录spasm：n. 一阵发作

　　Perhaps that is why the dream of taking new life to Mars is such a stirring one. Elon Musk, an entrepreneur, has built a rocket company, SpaceX, from scratch in order to make this dream come true. On September 27th he outlined new plans for rockets that dwarf the Apollo programme’s Saturn V, and for spaceships with room for around 100 passengers that can be refuelled both in orbit and on Mars. Such infrastructure, he says, would eventually allow thousands of settlers to get there for $200,000 each—roughly the median cost of an American house. To deliver such marvels in a decade or so is an order tall enough to reach halfway to orbit itself (see article). But as a vision, its ambition enthralls.也许这就是为什么将新生命带到火星上的梦想会如此的激动人心的原因吧。一位名为Elon Musk的企业家白手起家创办了火箭公司SpaceX。他创建这家公司的目的就是为了实现这个梦想。九月二十七日，Elon Musk简述了火箭公司的新计划。此计划准备建造一些比阿波罗探月计划下土星-5号运载火箭还要高级的火箭和一个载客量为100名，并且能够在轨道和火星上补充燃料的宇宙飞船。他表示，最终这些设施将可以把上千名移民送上火星。每名乘客只需花费二十万美元——大概相当于美国人买一套中等房子的价钱。如果能在大概十年内完成这样的奇迹，那么接近离火星轨道的路程就相当于走了一半了(见文章)。不过就一种愿景而言，它的目标还是很吸引人的。

　　Stirring：adj. 激动人心的entrepreneur：n. 企业家outline：vt. 概述Apollo：n. 阿波罗(太阳神);美男子Orbit：n. 轨道infrastructure：n. 基础设施;

　　How odd, then, that Mr Musk’s motivation is born in part of a fear as misplaced as it is striking. He portrays a Mars colony as a hedge against Earth-bound extinction. Science-fiction fans have long been familiar with this sort of angst about existential risks—in the 1950s Arthur C. Clarke told them that, confined to Earth “humanity had too many eggs in one rather fragile basket.” Others agree. Stephen Hawking, a noted physicist, is one of those given to such fits of the collywobbles. If humans stick to a single planet, he warns, they will be sitting ducks for a supervirus, a malevolent artificial intelligence or a nuclear war that could finish off the whole lot of them at any time.然而奇怪的是起初Musk先生的这一动机一半源自于恐惧，这即放错了地方又显得不同寻常。他把火星描绘成了地球灭绝的殖民地。 科幻迷们早已了解了这种生存的担忧——早在从20世纪五十年代的Arthur C. Clarke就告诉他们人类把自己禁锢在地球上，就是把“人类的鸡蛋都放在同一个易碎的篮子里”。其他人也同意这个说法。的物理学家史蒂芬霍金也是这种说法的支持者。他警告说，要是人类坚持在一个星球上生存的话，就会很容易成为一种超级病毒、一个险恶用心的人工智能，或是核战的攻击目标，随时可能全军覆没。

　　collywobbles ：n. 肚子疼;急性腹泻malevolent：adj. 恶毒的;有恶意的;坏心肠的

　　Claptrap. It is true that, in the long run, Earth will become uninhabitable. But that long run is about a billion years. To concern oneself with such eventualities is to take an aversion to short-termism beyond the salutary.(读者试译) (For comparison, a billion years ago the most complex creature on the planet was a very simple seaweed.) Yes, a natural or maliciously designed pandemic might kill billions. So might a nuclear war; at a pinch climate change might wreak similar havoc. But extinction is more than just unprecedented mass mortality; it requires getting rid of everyone. Neither diseases nor wars do that.听起来这都是哗众取宠。但是长远来看，事实的真相是，终有一天地球会变得不适合人类居住，但这几亿年后才会发生。(期待您的翻译。)(十亿年前这个星球上最复杂的生物也仅是那些结构非常单一的海藻而已)。是的，自然或用心险恶的瘟疫可能会导致数十亿人死亡。不光是这，一场核战和轻微的气候变化也有可能造成同样的后果。但是前所未有的大规模死亡并不意味着人类的灭绝，灭绝人类的话需要杀光所有的人。这不是疾病或战争就能办到的。

　　Claptrap：n. 哗众取宠的话Aversion：n. 厌恶Salutary：adj. 有益的，有用的;有益健康的Maliciously：adv. 有敌意地，恶意地Pinch：n. 匮乏;少量;夹痛Havoc：n. 大破坏;浩劫;蹂躏

　　Otherworldly concerns来世的烦恼

　　An asteroid as big as the one that dispatched the dinosaurs might take out the whole species, but humans have had the foresight to catalogue the asteroids up to the task and none is coming close in the foreseeable future. So the chance of earthly extinction from any known cause in the next few centuries is remarkably low. As for the unknown—an evil AI, or predatory aliens with intellects as “vast and cool and unsympathetic” as those of Wells’s Martians, or the good old-fashioned wrath of God—why would they wipe humans from the face of one planet while leaving those on the rock next door in peace?一个和当年致使恐龙灭绝的同样大小的小行星，就有可能导致人类灭绝。但是人类是有远见的。我们已经特意把小行星编辑造册，并且在可预见的未来没有一颗小行星会驶近地球。所以在接下来几个世纪中，地球由于已知原因灭绝的可能性微乎其微。说回那些未知的因素——邪恶的人工智能，或是如同威尔斯的火星人一样“庞大、冷酷、无情”的智能外星侵略者，或者是旧时说的上帝的愤怒——为什么他们要将人类从地球上抹去，而不去动相邻岩石星球上的人呢?

　　Asteroid：n. [天] 小行星

　　If worrying about imminent extinction is unrealistic, trying to hide from it is ignoble. At the margins, it is better that the best and brightest share Earth’s risks than have a way to run away from them. Dream of Mars, by all means, but do so in a spirit of hope for new life, not fear of death.如果说担心即将来临的灭顶之灾是不切实际的想法，那么尝试去掩盖这一事实就是不光彩的行为。与逃避这一事实相比，最上乘的做法是想办法分担地球的风险。无论如何，火星之梦当然可以有，但是请从创造美好新生活的精神出发，而不是畏惧死亡。

　　Imminent：adj. 即将来临的;Hide：vi. 隐藏ignoble：adj. 不光彩的;卑鄙的;卑贱的

2018年考博英语阅读经济学人文章精析【三篇】.doc

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