【#四六级考试# 导语】学而不思则罔,在掌握知识点之后将其运用在解题中才是备考的好方法。备考需要一点点积累才能到达效果,©文档大全网为您提供了“2021年上半年英语四级语法指导”,欢迎阅读参考!更多相关讯息请关注©文档大全网!
【篇一】2021年上半年英语四级语法指导
一、两者在用法上的相同点
两者都可用作表语,表示“一定”或“确信”,有时可互换。互换的场合应注意以下几点用法:
1. 表示说话者的态度或看法
即表示说话者自己的态度或看法,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”。此时主要用法有:
(1) 单独用作表语。如:
One thing was sure [certain]: they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的,他们会迟到。
(2) 后接不定式。如:
He's certain [sure] to win. 他一定会成功。
They're certain [sure] to need help. 他们肯定需要帮助。
If you do this, you are certain [sure] to be found out. 如果你这样做一定会被发现。
2. 表示句子主语的判断或信念
即表示句子主语对某一情况的判断或信念,其意为“相信”“确信”“有把握”等。此时通常用于以下结构:
(1) 后接of [about] sth。如:
He is certain [sure] of success. 他确信会成功。
Are you certain of [about] that? 你对此有把握吗?
(2) 后接 of doing sth。如:
Our team is certain [sure] of winning. 我们队有把握赢。
You can be sure [certain] of his agreeing. 你可以放心他会同意。
比较同义句:
He is certain [sure] of winning.
=He is sure [certain] that he will win. 他自信会赢。
(3) 后接 that / whether / if 从句。如:
I am sure [certain] that he is honest. 我肯定他是诚实的。
I'm sure [certain] that it's not your fault. 我敢肯定这不是你的错。
Are you certain [sure] that this is the right road? 你肯定这条路对吗?
注:当be sure [certain]为肯定式或疑问式时,后接that从句;当be sure [certain]为否定式时,后接whether [if]从句。如:
I'm not sure [certain] whether he still works there. 我不能肯定他是否还在那里工作。
I wasn't sure [certain] whether he would agree. 我不太肯定他是否会同意。
He wasn't sure [certain] whether he would be able to get back in time. 他不能肯定他是否能准时回来。
(4) 后接其他从句。如:
I'm not sure [certain] where she lives. 我不能肯定她住在哪里。
I'm not certain [sure] who wrote it. 我不太清楚这是谁写的。
二、只能用certain的情形
以下情况通常只用certain,而不用sure:
1. 当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语 it 时。如:
It's certain that he'll come tomorrow. 他明天肯定会来。
I thought it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他会迟到。
It's certain that prices will go up. 价格肯定会上涨。
It's not certain how much it will cost. 这要花多少钱还不确定。
2. 当表示“某一”“某些”时。如:
A certain Mr Green wants to see you. 有个叫格林先生的人想见你。
Certain plants are good to eat but others are not. 有些植物好吃, 而其他一些则不好吃。
三、只能用sure的情形
在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事)这类祈使句中通常不用 certain。如:
Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘记啦。
Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前到达。
Be sure to turn off the light when leave. 离开时一定要关灯。
四、两者在习语中的用法
1. 用于 for certain / for sure, 意为“肯定地”“确切地”等,两者可互换。如:
I can't say for certain [sure] when he will come. 我不敢肯定地说他什么时候来。
No one knows for sure [certain] what happened to her. 没有人确切地知道她出了什么事。
2. 用于 make certain / make sure,意为“弄清楚”“弄得有把握”,两者可互换。如:
They made certain [sure] (that) they weren't late. 他们有把握不迟到。
I think there's a train at 10:40, but you'd better make certain [sure] of it. 我想10:40有趟火车,但你去核实一下。
五、纠正一个错误
有许多同学认为,sure的主语只能是人,不能是事物;当主语是事物时,应用certain。其实,这是一种误解。关于sure的主语问题,有以下两点值得注意:
1. 当表示说话者的态度或看法时,句子主语可以是人也可以是物。由于此时用人作主语的情形同学们比较熟悉,所以下面只举几句用物作主语的例子。如:
It's sure to rain tomorrow. 肯定要下雨了。
The train is sure to arrive on time. 火车一定会准时到达的。
The design is so good it's sure to set the pattern for many others. 这个设计很不错,肯定会成为其他许多设计的样板。
这类句子通常可以用I'm sure that…来替换。如:
It's sure to rain tomorrow.
=I'm sure that it will rain tomorrow.
The train is sure to arrive on time.
=I'm sure that the train will arrive on time.
2. 当表示句子主语的判断或信念时,句子的主语只能是人,不能是物。因为从逻辑上讲,只有“人”才能作出判断,才有自己的信念。如:
I' m sure I won't lose my way. 我肯定不会迷路的。
I'm sure we've met before. 我敢肯定我们以前见过面。
注:certain的主语特点也符合以上情形。
六、sure有时还可与there be 搭配使用。如:
There's sure to be a place for him somewhere. 在什么地方准有他容身之地。
There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter. 在她收到他的信时,肯定会有麻烦。
【篇二】2021年上半年英语四级语法指导
while和when都是表示同时,到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性动作(瞬时动词)还是持续性动作。
1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作,而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时,两者都可用。如:
He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。
2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while。如:
Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。
I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。
3、若从句是一个短暂性动作,而主句是一个持续性动作,可以 when 但不用 while。如:
When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时,我在听收音机。
It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。
4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,一般要用 when。如:
I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。
至于什么是短暂性动作,什么是持续性动作,其实有个很简单的规律。就是如果是进行时态,一般是持续性的。如果是过去式,一般是短暂性动作。
【篇三】2021年上半年英语四级语法指导
even though 和 even if 均可用于引导让步状语从句,其细微区别是:
1. even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的,相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。如:
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那里。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
For my part, I plan to go to the party even if you decide not to go. 至于我,即使你决定不去参加晚会我也会去的。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it. 就算你看见是他拾起的钱,你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。
正因为even if从句的内容通常是假设性的,所以有时还可用于虚拟语气;这样用的even if 与单独使用的if比较接近。如:
Even if he had the money, he wouldn't buy it. 他即使有钱也不会买它。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless. 即使她身无分文,我也会和她结婚。
2. even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的,主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息,相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。如:
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨,他还是出去了。
Even though it's hard work, I enjoy it. 虽然工作艰苦,我还是很喜欢。
He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少,但教得。
Even though I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a nice time. 尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识,我也玩得挺痛快。
这样用的even though与though或although的意思比较接近,许多时候可以互换(注意:英语可以说though和even though,但不能说even although)。如:
Even though [Thought, Although] I felt sorry for him, l was secretly pleased tha t he was having difficulties. 虽然我为他感到惋惜,但对他的困难却暗自高兴。
Even though [Thought, Although] we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了的力量,但还是输了。
3. 不过,在实际语言运用中,even if与even though有时也可不加区别地混用。如:
Even if [Even though] she laughs at him, he likes her. 尽管她嘲笑他,他还是很喜欢她。
We thoroughly understand each other, even if [even though] we don't always agree. 我们彼此非常了解,虽然有时候也有一些分歧。
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