新东方新概念英语第三册 百度网盘|新东方新概念英语第三册笔记第8课(2):课文讲解

Lesson 08 A famous monastery 的修道院

　　Text 课文
　　What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
　　The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
　　St. = saint（n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣）
　　Bernard n.伯纳德(男子名)
　　Pass n.关口
　　把...与…连接在一起 connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…
　　connect...with 把...与某事联系在一起
　　-- I can‘t connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
　　be?connected?with 与...有联系
　　-- Are you connected with the government?
　　
　　At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
　　At 2,473 metres（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
　　-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
　　-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。
　　-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
　　
　　The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh century, lies about
　　a mile away.
　　Found（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
　　1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释, 去掉
　　对主句影响不大。
　　2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
　　
　　1>who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
　　-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
　　-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.
　　-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.（n.伤害）
　　旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
　　-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
　　没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
　　-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
　　所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
　　-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn‘t know
　　about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
　　得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
　　2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which, 不用that。
　　-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
　　3>指代时间when、地点where
　　-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks.
　　 他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
　　For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the
　　dangerous Pass.
　　Life（n.生命, 生活）à lives（life的复数）
　　
　　These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in
　　Roman times.
　　which指代friendly?dogs
　　-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship
　　symbol（n.象征）
　　
　　Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each
　　year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
　　Now?that 既然
　　1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
　　-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
　　2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
　　-- Now that you won‘t help me, I must do the job myself.
　　
　　whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
　　= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
　　-- You can telephone me whenever you like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都行。
　　-- Whichever day you come, we‘ll be pleased to see you.
　　-- Wherever you go, I‘ll follow you.
　　-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.
　　
　　Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on
　　foot.
　　Despite(介词) = in?spite?of (of是介词)
　　attempt?to?do?something?= try?to?do?something 企图做某事
　　There be结构：
　　-- There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
　　 = There are still a few students who are studying English in the classroom.
　　依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。
　　
　　During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of
　　people who cross the Pass in cars.
　　in cars = by car
　　
　　As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
　　About（adv.到处, 周围）
　　-- Don‘t litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。 Litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄乱）
　　-- look about 到处看 / go about 到处走 / run about 到处跑 / wander about 到处闲逛
　　keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。
　　-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.（介词）
　　-- Do keep the cat in the room. （介词）
　　-- I‘m?sorry?to?keep?you?waiting.（现在分词）
　　-- The?lamb?was?kept?tight?to?a?tree. = I kept the lamb tight to a tree.
　　lamb（n.小羊, 羔羊） / tight（adj.紧的, 绷紧的）
　　
　　In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
　　quite the opposite 恰恰相反
　　
　　The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
　　
　　The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
　　prefer A to B 宁愿A也不愿B
　　-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
　　-- The boy prefers apples to bananas.
　　prefer to do sth than do sth
　　-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
　　
　　The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
　　
　　The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at
　　Christmas and Easter.
　　The regular visitors to BeiJing.
　　
　　These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at
　　St. Bernard‘s monastery.
　　Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
　　Chess（n.国际象棋）

本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/Ojcx.html